Kerrie
| Kerrie | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kerrie ( Kerria japonica ), wild type |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Kerria | ||||||||||||
| DC. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Kerria japonica | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) DC. |
The Japanese kerrie ( Kerria japonica ), Japanese 山 吹 Yamabuki, also called ranunculus , Japanese golden rose or golden rose , is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Kerria and belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae). It is native to East Asia . This species and its varieties are hardy in large areas of Central Europe and are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Kerrie is a deciduous shrub and usually reaches heights of 1 to 2, rarely up to 3 meters. It grows upright with rod-shaped, green branches that are initially angular. It spreads over long runners . The bark of the branches is finely striped and bare; initially it is green.
The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 5 to 15 millimeters long and glabrous. The simple, light green leaf blade is triangular-ovate to ovate, long and pointed, 3 to 10 centimeters long and 2 to 4 centimeters wide. The leaf margin is sharply double serrated. The membranous stipules have a ciliate border and fall off after the flowering period.
Generative characteristics
The main flowering season extends from April to June. The cultivated form Kerria japonica 'Pleniflora' often re-blooms in autumn. The flowers are individually terminal on short side branches. The bald pedicel is 8 to 15 millimeters long. The relatively large, hermaphrodite flowers with a diameter of 2.5 to 6 centimeters are radial symmetry and five-fold with double perianth . The flower cup (hypanthium) is flat, short plate-shaped. The five ovate-elliptical sepals are still visible on the fruit and have a smooth or serrated edge. The five with 1.5 to 2 × 1 to 1.8 centimeters wide elliptical, short nailed petals are one to four times as long as the sepals and yellow in the wild form. The wild form has many stamens . The flowers of some cultivated forms are double, there are many stamens reshaped like a petal, so that a "Strubbelköpfchen" forms. There are five free carpels with two ovules each . The thin stylus is erect.
The bald, wrinkled, brownish-black achenes are obovate or spherical with 4 to 4.5 × 3.5 to 4 millimeters. The fruits ripen from June to August.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
ingredients
The seeds contain small amounts of amygdalin , a hydrogen cyanide glycoside, which can also be found in the seeds of other rose plants.
Occurrence and use
The wild form of the Kerrie originally comes from China . Cultivated forms are mainly known from Japan . It thrives in almost all soils that are not too acidic and is considered " industry-proof ". It is very resistant to exhaust fumes and is therefore often planted in front gardens and along roadsides. In Europe, it is naturalized in Switzerland and western Russia, in other countries it has only grown wild in places.
Systematics
Kerria japonica is the only species of the genus Kerria from the tribe Kerrieae in the subfamily of the Spiraeoideae within the family Rosaceae . Synonyms for Kerria japonica (L.) DC. are: Rubus japonicus L. , Corchorus japonicus Thunb.
Cultivated forms (selection)
The cultivated forms are somewhat larger in all parts and develop longer runners than the wild form.
- 'Picta': This rarer cultivar has green and white variegated leaves.
- 'Pleniflora': This popular cultivar has bright golden yellow flowers with a diameter of up to 5 centimeters. Unlike the wild type, the flowers of this variety are double.
- 'Simplex': The flowers of this form are simple, similar to the wild type.
swell
- Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Kerria and Kerria japonica , p. 192 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8 (sections description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Japanese golden rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Kerria on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Ohio State University data sheet . ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Data sheet at Missouri Botanical Garden's Kemper Center for Home Gardening .
Supplementary literature
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 497).
- Dietmar and Renate Aichele, Heinz-Werner and Anneliese Schwegler: Which tree is that? Trees, bushes, ornamental trees, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart, 1992, ISBN 3-44006570-7
- Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann: Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions. 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7
Web links
- Kerrie. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Kerria japonica (L.) DC. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )