Kingencleugh Castle
| Kingencleugh Castle | ||
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 Side wall of Kingencleugh Castle |
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| Creation time : | around 1620 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg (Tower House) | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Scottish nobility | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Mauchline | |
| Geographical location | 55 ° 30 '6.4 " N , 4 ° 22' 14.9" W | |
| Height: | 145 m ASLTemplate: height / unknown reference | |
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Kingencleugh Castle or Kingenclough Castle is a ruined castle near the eastern part of the town of Mauchline in the Scottish administrative division of East Ayrshire . The remains of the castle lie next to the A76 trunk road and are a Scheduled Monument .
history
The remains suggest that this castle was primarily used as a residence and only secondarily for defense. John Knox is said to have visited Kingencleugh Castle in 1556. The castle was built as one of several to mark the boundaries of the Campbell holdings in the area. Eventually Kingencleugh became part of the Ballochmyle Estate . The current castle was built around 1620 to replace the older fortress Knox had known. When Kingencleugh House was built, the castle was abandoned. The property remained in the hands of the Campbells until the end of the 18th century.
Hugh Campbell and Robert Campbell , both ardent reformers, resided at Kingencleugh Castle . George Wishart and John Knox stayed here, and Knox preached at this castle when he visited Mauchline in 1556. On his deathbed, Knox said to Robert Campbell, "I'm counting on you to be a husband and father to them (his wife and children) in my room."
James Dobie wrote that John Knox, with Lochhart from Bar and Campbell from Kineancleugh, traveled to Kyle, the ancient place of the Scottish Lollards , where there were a number of followers of his Reformed doctrine. He preached in the houses of Bar, Kineancleugh, Carnell, Ochiltree, and Gargirth, and in the city of Ayr. In several of these places he also administered the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. "
ruins
The remains lie above the Kingen Cleugh Glen and the Kingen Cleugh Burn and consist of the remains of a four-story tower with an L-shaped floor plan made of rubble masonry , which was clad with ashlar . The remaining walls are 0.8 meters thick; the two lower floors have only slit-shaped windows. The north-west wall, which forms the end of the western wing of the L, has been preserved in its full height of approx. 7 meters and has a stepped gable . The lower part of a protruding tourelle is preserved in the inner corner, in the western part of which the entrance is located. The main room on the ground floor appears to have had a vaulted ceiling . The castle is located in such a way that it could be defended fairly well, at the top of a plot of land sloping to the south. In Scottish Gaelic, “Cleugh” is a narrow gorge or gorge with high rock walls. Jerviston House is built similarly.
Kingencleugh Castle overlooks the Lily Glen or Kingen Cleugh Glen and the stream that flows into the nearby River Ayr . It is said that there is an underground passage or a secret tunnel between Mauchline Castle and Kingencleugh Castle.
The Lily Glen and Robert Burns
In Lily Glen or Kingen Cleugh Glen , a small stream flows down to the River Ayr. In Scottish Gaelic, “Lily” is usually used to refer to daffodils , but it can also refer to amaryllis or hare bells . The gorge is rich in ancient forest plants such as sweet woodruff , wood sorrel , bluebell, wood-rush , Wachtelweizen , witches herbs , moneywort , forest millet , Mercurialis perennis , etc.
It is said that Robert Burns used to visit the gorge regularly to bathe in the Kingen Cleugh Burn when he was an Avon agent on Mossgiel Farm near Mauchline. There is still an old stone bath or a cistern with moss-covered steps for access. People in the area would call this his bathing place and there is also a vague memory of a certain Lady Sophia in connection with this place. Burns has visited this area many times and he extolled these "Braes of Ballochmyle" in his poem to "The Lass of Ballochmyle" which he observed in the twilight near the old "Fog House".
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The Lass of Ballochmyle
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The Ordnance Survey map shows a stone bath or cistern at the bottom of Kingen Cleugh Glen , where all of the creek's waters are drawn in, exit through a tunnel cut out of the rock, and then flow through the Haugh settlement about 4 kilometers below from Catrine on the north bank of the River Ayr. In 1837 there was a wool mill, a grain mill and a sawmill that was fed from the aforementioned cistern about 400 meters upstream. The derivation was cut through the soft, red sandstone of the river gorge; The tunnel entrance and exit are still visible today, as are two stone arch bridges over the drain and an overflow gate . There is no longer any trace of the wool mill, in which thirty people were busy spinning yarn for the carpet factory in Kilmarnock in 1837 .
Map sources
Robert Gordon s map from 1636–1652 shows "Kinzancleuch". “Kinzankcleug” is recorded on Timothy Pont's map from around 1602. Moll reported on a “Manfod”. Roy s map from 1747 shows the castle as "Kings Cleugh". Armstrong s map from 1775 shows the old castle “Kingencleugh” with the house nearby. '' Thomson '' s map from 1832 shows "Kingencleugh".
Owning families
The Campbells
The Campbells, a subsidiary of the Campbells of Cessnock and Loudoun , were the first documented lairds in the 15th century. Hugh Campbell may have been the son of Sir George Campbell of Loudoun and, as John Knox mentioned in connection with George Wishart, refused entry to Mauchline Church to preach. Robert Campbell from Kingencleugh († 1574) vouched for a friend who was involved in the conspiracy that led to the murder of David Rizzio , was, as previously mentioned, a good friend of John Knox and accompanied him through his fatal illness. He had a daughter, Elizabeth , and married Elizabeth Campbell . This daughter inherited the lands and the castle in 1586 and had a son, John , but her husband's name is not recorded.
The "Memorial" to the couple, written by a certain John Davidson, reads:
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John Campbell of Kingencleugh inherited his mother in 1627 and grandfather in 1636. John Crauford's daughter Agnes married John Campbell of Kingencleugh, son of the aforementioned John , and the couple had two sons, Hugh and George , and a daughter. Hugh inherited and married Elizabeth , the daughter of Sir Hugh Campbell of Cessnock . His son, John , inherited and married Eizabeth Adair , daughter of the Minister of Ayr. His inheritance was another John , an avid church elder, who married Anna Kennedy of Daljarroch . He died around 1752 and their daughter married a certain Mr. McGill ; the couple had no offspring.
The Campbells of Kingancleugh were mentioned frequently in the records until the late 18th century.
The Alexanders
After the death of the last member of the Campbells of Kingencleugh , Mrs. McGill , Mr. Alexander von Ballochmyle acquired the property. Alexander, later Baronet Hagart-Alexander von Ballochmyle, is a title created in 1886 for Major General Claud Alexander who served in the Crimean War. Sir Claud Hagart-Alexander, 4th Baronet , (* 1963) lives today in Kingencleugh House; his family had long since left Ballochmyle House , which they acquired in 1785.
A legend of Kingcleugh Castle
1253 Sir fell Percy Seton in Mona , the daughter of "boorish and almost wild" Cormac of the Cleugh , the Laird of Kingcleugh, known as "King (King) of Cleugh" or "Hunter King". Cormac refused to allow Sir Percy to marry his daughter. Cormac was obsessed with the sport of hunting wild boar in the woods west of Kingcleugh. The ceilings and heads of its many routes were kept as trophies in a vault in the castle. One day when Cormac was hunting wild boars in the forest of Kolium , a few miles west of his castle, he found the deep and hidden camp of an extraordinary wild boar.
But this cruel creature killed all of his hunting dogs. The laird tried to get his lead hunter to go into the beast's pit and when he refused, hit him with the sow spear so that he lost his balance, resulting in his horrific death among the creature's tusks, after falling into the wild boar's camp. The laird was superstitious, believing that the ghosts of the dead man and the boar haunted the vaults of his castle. Sir Percy forged the plan to use the secret tunnel between Mauchline Castle and Kingcleugh Castle to get into the vaults of the castle, and Mona, informed of the plan, arranged for her to be forced to marry a man her father had chosen, took place near the vault. At the crucial point of the ceremony, the bloodied ghost of the dead hunter emerged from the sealed vault. The apparition seized the bride and carried her through the secret tunnel to Mauchline Castle into the arms of her lover.
Trivia
Lady Cecilia Brabazon , aunt of Mr. Alexander from Ballochmyle , lived for many years in the farm (= Kingencleugh House?) Near the old castle tower of Kingencleugh.
Miss Wilhelmina Alexander von Ballochmyle is Robert Burns ' Bonnie Lass of Ballochmyle , whom he observed in the twilight at Ballochmyle House in the Braes of Ballochmyl '. The old Fog House is said to indicate the place where she was seen. Wilhelmina never married and kept the poet's letter and manuscript all her life.
The land of Over Haugh and Nether Haugh was called "Kinzeancleuche" or "Kingencleugh".
There was a prisoner of war camp at Kingencleugh.
Robert Burns' father-in-law is said to have helped build the old Howford Bridge in 1750 , which lies below Catrine .
The famous Ballochmyle Cup and Ring Marks (engravings in the sandstone) are in the grounds of Kingencleugh Castle.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Mike Salter: The Castles of South-West Scotland . Folly, Malvern 2006. ISBN 1-871731-70-4 . P. 48.
- ↑ Scheduled Monument - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
- ↑ a b c d e D. C. Cuthbertson: Autumn in Kyle and the Charm of Cunninghame . Herbert Jenkins, London. P. 100.
- ^ Thorbjørn Campbell: Ayrshire. A Historical Guide . Birlinn, Edinburgh 2003. ISBN 1-84158-267-0 . P. 206.
- ^ Dane Love: Ayrshire: Discovering a County . Fort Publishing, Ayr 2003. ISBN 0-9544461-1-9 . P. 152.
- ^ Martin Coventry: Castles of the Clans. Goblinshead, Musselburgh 2010. ISBN 1-899874-36-4 . P. 85.
- ^ Mauchline Village . Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ↑ James D. Dobie, JS Dobie (editor): Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont 1604-1608, with continuations and illustrative notices . Glasgow: John Tweed, Glasgow 1876. p. 295.
- ↑ a b Kingencleugh Castle . In: Canmore . Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ A b D. C. Cuthbertson: Autumn in Kyle and the Charm of Cunninghame . Herbert Jenkins, London. P. 97.
- ↑ a b Dane Love: The River Ayr Way. Carn, Auchinleck 2010. ISBN 978-0-9518128-8-4 . P. 64.
- ^ John R. Hume, B.Sc .: The Mills of the River Ayr . Ayrshire History. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Robert Gordon: Cuningham (sic) Cunningham . National Library of Scotland. 1636-1652. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Timothy Pont, Joan Blaeu: Coila provincia, [or The Province of Kyle, auct. Timoth. Pont] . National Library of Scotland. 1602 (1654). Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Herman Moll: The Shire of Renfrew with Cuningham [i. e. Cunningham . The North Part of Air [i. e. Ayr] by H. Moll] . National Library of Scotland. 1745. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Roy: Roy Military Survey of Scotland 1747-55 . National Library of Scotland. 1747-1755. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Andrew Armstrong: A new map of Ayrshire (...) Center East section . National Library of Scotland. 1775. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ John Thomson: Northern Part of Ayrshire. Southern Part. . National Library of Scotland. 1828 (1832). Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ James Paterson: History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Volume IV: Cuninghame . Part 1 & 2. James Stillie, Edinburgh 1866. p. 564.
- ↑ a b c James Paterson: History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Volume IV: Cuninghame . Part 1 & 2. James Stillie, Edinburgh 1866. p. 565.
- ↑ James Paterson: History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Volume IV: Cuninghame . Parts 1 & 2. James Stillie, Edinburgh 1866. pp. 564-565.
- ↑ a b c James Paterson: History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Volume IV: Cuninghame . Part 1 & 2. James Stillie, Edinburgh 1866. p. 566.
- ^ George Robertson: A Genealogical Account of the Principal Families in Ayrshire, more particularly in Cunninghame . Irvine 1823. p. 198.
- ↑ a b James Paterson: History of the Counties of Ayrs and Wigton. Volume IV: Cuninghame . Part 1 & 2. James Stillie, Edinburgh 1866. p. 567.
- ^ Dane Love: Ayrshire: Discovering a County . Fort Publishing, Ayr 2003. ISBN 0-9544461-1-9 . P. 151.
- ↑ John Ingram: The Specter Huntsman. The Ayrshire Wreath, 1844. pp. 181-199.
- ^ Every prisoner of war camp in the UK mapped and listed . The Guardian. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Dane Love: The River Ayr Way. Carn, Auchinleck 2010. ISBN 978-0-9518128-8-4 . P. 74.
