Burdock thistle

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Burdock thistle
Carduus personata 3.jpg

Burdock thistle ( Carduus personata )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Carduoideae
Tribe : Cardueae
Genre : Ring thistles ( Carduus )
Type : Burdock thistle
Scientific name
Carduus personata
( L. ) Jacq.

The burdock ring thistle ( Carduus personata ), also called burdock thistle , is a species of the genus ring thistle ( Carduus ) within the daisy family (Asteraceae). It is mainly found in the mountains of Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The occasionally used name mountain thistle is not recommended because it is confused with Carduus defloratus .

description

illustration
Whole inflorescence with flower heads

Vegetative characteristics

The burdock ring thistle grows as a perennial, herbaceous plant and reaches heights of usually 50 to 120, rarely up to 180 centimeters. The stem has narrow, curly winged leaves and leaves (almost) to the upper end.

The leaves are green on top, more or less gray-tomentose on the underside, softly thorny on the edge, rounded at the base or half-encompassing the stem. The upper and middle leaves are almost undivided, the lower ones lobed to pinnate, and have a large end section.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from mid-June to August. In the total inflorescences , the cup-shaped partial inflorescences are clustered together. The flower heads have a diameter of 15 to 25 millimeters. The involucre is hemispherical and barely hairy. The middle bracts are not constricted, the outer ones almost as long as the inner ones. Many tubular flowers stand together in a flower head . The corolla is dark purple in color.

The achenes are somewhat narrowed at the top.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 22.

ecology

The burdock ring thistle is a hemicryptophyte .

Occurrence

The burdock ring thistle is a prealpine floral element with scattered occurrences, especially in the mountains of Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula . The main distribution ranges from the Alps , the Alpine foothills to the Apennines . Isolated occurrences are for example in the Vosges , in the Black Forest , in the Rhön , in the Ore Mountains and in the Sudetes . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Vorarlberg on the Höfergrat near Schröcken to an altitude of 2130 meters.

The burdock ring thistle needs nitrogen-rich, moist, clayey soils . It occurs mostly in the societies of the Alnetum incanae or the Phalarido-Petasitetum hybridi, but also in societies of the associations Adenostylion, Polygono-Trisetion or Rumicion alpini.

It settles stream banks, wasteland, Hochstaudenfluren , gray alder stocks and livestock inventories. In Germany it grows in the Rhön, in Thuringia, Saxony, in the southern Black Forest and in the Baar, and further south in the Swabian, Franconian and Swiss Jura. In the foothills of the Alps and in the Alps, it can be found in loose stands in the montane to subalpine region. The plant is missing in some areas.

Systematics

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Arctium personata by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , page 816. The new combination to Carduus personata (L.) Jacq. took place in 1776 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Fl. Austriac. , Volume 4, page 25.

Some authors have subspecies (selection):

  • Carduus personata subsp. albidus (Adamović) Kazmi : It occurs in Italy, on the Balkan Peninsula, in Romania and in Ukraine.
  • Carduus personata (L.) Jacq. subsp. personata

literature

  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 6: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, Volume 4, ISBN 3 440-08048-X.
  • Carduus personata (L.) Jacq., Burdock thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  963 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 637.
  3. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. Data sheet Carduus personata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Burdock thistle ( Carduus personata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files