Klarenthal Monastery
| Klarissenkloster Klarenthal | |
|---|---|
| location |
Germany Hessen |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 5 '44.9 " N , 8 ° 11' 56" E |
| founding year | after 1265 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1559 |
The Klarenthal Abbey is a former Clarisse convent and monastery house of the House of Nassau in Wiesbaden district Klarenthal . Klarenthal was the only monastery in today's Wiesbaden district.
Monastery time
The deed of foundation of the monastery was issued on January 6, 1298 by the Nassau King Adolf (* before 1250; † July 2, 1298) in Speyer. According to the document, Adolf, who was crowned Roman-German King on May 5, 1292 , founded the monastery on February 2, 1296 at the request of his wife Imagina von Isenburg-Limburg . The foundation stone is said to have been laid on September 29, 1296. The aim of the foundation of the monastery was the establishment of a house monastery of the Walram line that played a role comparable to that of the Altenberg monastery for the Ottonian line. In addition to the royal couple Adolf and Imagina, Diether von Nassau and the two future abbesses Richardis von Nassau and Adelheid von Nassau were among the petitioners of the founding deed . The monastery probably served as the widow's seat of Queen Imagina.
The Klarenthal Monastery was to serve as the burial place for the Nassau family, Queen Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg and many of his descendants were buried here until 1370, when the central churches of the residential cities of the sub-counties became preferred burial places after the division of the County of Nassau. The last time he was buried here was Count Philip I of Nassau-Weilburg-Saarbrücken, a ruling member of the House of Nassau , in 1429 as a “latecomer” .
The monastery was built on a plot of land belonging to the Adelheidshof, which was formerly called "Bruderrode". Originally the Adelheidshof was the farmyard of the Selz monastery for the property in Biebrich and Mosbach (today part of Biebrich). The farm was acquired by the Cistercian monastery in Eberbach in 1296 and, together with the Eberbacher Armenruhhof in Mosbach, was sold to King Adolf for the foundation of the monastery. Klarenthal is the only non-Cistercian monastery in which Eberbach was directly involved. Presumably the Eberbach Monastery, the house monastery of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen , allied with Nassau, also supported King Adolf financially through the intermediary trade. Since the Klarenthal monastery belonged to the women's order of the Poor Clares , the foundation of which goes back to St. Clare of Assisi , it was renamed Klarenthal by Adolf and Imagina . The monastery was probably not consecrated until 1304. The responsible Archbishop of Mainz, Gerhard II von Eppstein , was one of the most important opponents of King Adolf and refused to undertake the act. Therefore, first Pope Benedict XI. order the consecration of the monastery on November 29, 1303. Many noble women in the area joined this monastery. It was wealthy in the Rheingau and Rheinhessen . The Counts of Nassau promoted the monastery by regularly donating goods to it.
During the siege of Wiesbaden by King Ludwig IV , the monastery was plundered and destroyed in 1318, but was rebuilt in the following years. A hundred years later, under the Abbesses Paze von Lindau (1412? - 1422) and Countess Agnes von Hanau (1446? - 1450), it reached its heyday. Consolidated economically, it was also able to expand and decorate the ensemble of its monastery buildings. The cloister was redesigned and the church was partially painted.
The Mainz Stiftsfehde (1461/1462) then represented a serious setback. Although the monastery complex itself was not affected by the destruction, many of the properties from which the monastery earned its income were destroyed.
The monastery recovered economically. However, it became more and more difficult to attract young talent. The landed gentry, from which most of the nuns once came, fell behind the bourgeoisie economically more and more and either wanted or could no longer pay the high entrance fees for admission to the monastery. The reputation of the monasteries also suffered at the end of the Middle Ages, so that the social prestige gained by entering the monastery suffered. The medieval notion that the members of a family living in the monastery prayed for the dead of this family and thus rendered their families valuable service faded. The Reformation , which turned away from monastic life, then dealt it the fatal blow in the areas that had become Protestant because it legitimized the withdrawal of the monasteries by the sovereigns.
From 1553 it can be observed that Count Philip III. von Nassau-Weilburg took steps to dissolve the monastery. First, he had the documents and documents stored there secured. Incidentally, by no longer granting the necessary permits, he prevented the monastery from accepting young people or from electing a new abbess. So he was pursuing a policy of drying up personnel. The remaining five nuns responded by proposing to the count to leave the monastery if he paid them accordingly, which then continued until 1559. But the monastery did not legally abolish this and after the Augsburg interim the count needed papal approval, which he had no prospect of obtaining. Nevertheless, the monastery was secularized in 1559 .
Subsequent use
Initially, the monastery supported the poor, and paid priests and teachers from the county. In 1607 the facility was converted into a state hospital by Count Ludwig II . In 1632 or 1650 the epitaphs of the Nassau counts and their relatives were dismantled, placed in the Mauritius Church in Wiesbaden and destroyed there in the great fire in 1850. During the Thirty Years' War the monastery buildings were badly damaged, the church was roofless, fell into ruin and was finally demolished in 1756. During the Thirty Years War, the complex was used again as a monastery by the Jesuits , but they had to give way again in 1650. In 1706 a factory for mirror glass was established here, which existed until 1723 when a fire severely damaged the facility. From 1724 a paper mill then used the facility. It existed until 1840 when another fire ended this use and damaged the buildings again. In 1730, the small settlement that had formed around the manufacture received a chapel, which the pastor from Wiesbaden provided. In 1940 the so-called "abbess's building" in the south of the former complex, probably originally a hospital, was demolished as the last existing building from the monastery period.
traces
From the original monastery buildings only little is visible after the repeated destruction. The buildings that exist today, however, partly use the foundations of the monastery buildings and in some places the medieval walls are still preserved in the rising masonry up to some arcades of the cloister. Spolia can also be seen at one point or another . Most of it, however - invisibly - is still preserved as archaeological evidence. The Wiesbaden-Klarenthal housing estate , whose name is derived from the former monastery , has been built on the fields of the old Klarenthal monastery estate since 1966 .
Abbesses
| abbess | Term of office | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| Countess Richardis of Nassau | until 1311 | Sister of the monastery founder, King Adolf |
| Countess Adelheid of Nassau | 1311-1338 | Daughter of the monastery founder, King Adolf |
| Imagina I. | 1338? - 1347 | |
| Katherina | 1348-1350? | |
| Jutta I. von Laurenburg | 1350? - 1353? | |
| Countess Agnes of Nassau | 1353-1356 | |
| Imagina II. | 1356? - after 1360 | |
| Countess Gele of Nassau | in the 1360s | |
| Jutta II of Laurenburg | 1360s / 1370s | |
| Countess Margaret of Nassau | 1370s / 1380s | 16 years in total |
| Paze from Hofheim | 1380s-1390s | 6 years in total |
| Cecilia | 1390s - 1400s | from the Mainz patriciate |
| Paze from Lindau | 1412? - 1422 | |
| Countess Agnes von Hanau | 1422-1446 | Her sister Adelheid was also a nun in Klarenthal |
| Margarethe von Eppstein | 1446-1450 | |
| Sophie von Bernbach | 1450-1453 | |
| Countess Bertha of Nassau | 1453-1457 | |
| Margarethe von Scharfenstein | 1457-1466 | |
| Wild and Rhine Countess Katharina von Dhaun-Kyrburg | 1466-1473 | Daughter of the Rhine and Wild Count Johann IV and Countess Elisabeth von Hanau († 1446) |
| Countess Margaret of Nassau | 1473-1486 | |
| Sophie von Hunolstein | 1486-1508 | |
| Gift of Magdalena von Erbach | 1508-1512 | |
| Margarete von Dehrn | 1512-1518 | |
| Countess Maria von Hanau-Lichtenberg | 1518-1525 | |
| Anna Brendel | 1525-1553 | from Homburg |
literature
- Walter Czysz : Klarenthal near Wiesbaden. A women's monastery in the Middle Ages 1298–1559 . Wiesbaden 1987.
- Hermann Langkabel: Klarenthal Monastery (= Repertories of the Hessian Main State Archive Wiesbaden, Section 18), Wiesbaden 1981.
- Hermann Langkabel: The Klarenthal Monastery as a Nassau house monastery in the Middle Ages . In: Nassauische Annalen 93. Wiesbaden 1982, pp. 19–33.
- Günter Maag: The cloister building and the church of the Klarissenkloster Wiesbaden-Klarenthal. In: Nassauische Annalen 83 (1972), pp. 15-44.
- Fr. Otto: Clarenthaler Studien I. The abbesses of the Clarenthal monastery near Wiesbaden , in: Nassauische Annalen 29, 1897/98, pp. 173–201.
- Jana Madlen Schütte: Remembering - remembering - boasting . In: Nassauische Annalen 124. Wiesbaden 2013, pp. 87–101.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Heinemann: Eberbach: Historical overview of the high and late Middle Ages in the monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia (Germania Benedictina Volume IV / 1) page 395, EOS Verlag Erzabtei St. Ottilien, ISBN 978-3-8306-7450 -4
- ↑ Video on YouTube
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
