St. Katharinen Monastery (Linzer Höhe)
| St. Catherine's Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Former monastery church |
|
| location |
Germany Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Lies in the diocese | Archdiocese of Trier |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 35 '29 " N , 7 ° 20' 43.4" E |
| Patronage | Catherine of Alexandria |
| founding year | around 1200 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
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The St. Katharinen Monastery , also called St. Katharinen Abbey , was a Cistercian monastery that was built around 1200 and existed until 1803. From the monastery, the church has been preserved, which after secularization was initially the vicarie of the parishes of Linz am Rhein and Neustadt (Wied) and was elevated to a parish church in 1890 . Today's local parish of Sankt Katharinen (Neuwied district) has borne the name of the former monastery since 1969. The monastery was often referred to in documents and in literature with the addition " Linzer Höhe ". This was a place name for the settlements above the city of Linz am Rhein, to whose parish the villages belonged.
history
According to a monastery chronicle written by Father Bernhard Berrens (according to other sources Berres), who was confessor in the monastery from 1701 to 1711, a canonical pen was supposed to have stood on the site of the monastery as early as the time of St. Bernhard (1090–1153) , which burned down in 1201. In the following years the buildings were rebuilt, the church was probably built in 1208, Berrens reported in his chronicle that the year 1208 was attached to the sacristy. In 1230 knight Gudulph (Gundolf) von Hammerstein gave his serf shepherd Wigand von Hilkerscheid to the abbess and the convent of St. Katharinen. The abbess Benigna, the confessor Father Painus and two converses appear as witnesses to the donation .
According to a deed of foundation by the nobleman Gerhard von Rennenberg and his wife Benedikta von der Neuerburg , which was probably not originally made until 1257, but names the year 1238, Mechthild von Sayn allowed the women's convent to be expanded into a Cistercian monastery. The differences to the year in the document, the authenticity of which is not in doubt, are due to the fact that the original script had faded at some point and was probably rewritten in 1668.
Archbishop Heinrich II of Trier asserted his diocesan rights over the monastery against the Archbishop of Cologne in 1261 and took it under his protection and jurisdiction. These rights were granted by Pope Nicholas III in 1277 . approved. In 1281 the monastery was placed under the supervision of the Abbey of Himmerod .
In the first half of the 14th century the monastery and church were rebuilt. A letter of indulgence from Archbishop Heinrich II of Cologne from 1317 promised indulgence for all who contribute to the building of the monastery and its church. In 1324 Archbishop Baldwin of Trier gave permission for the consecration of the church and the altar. Further construction work also took place in the 15th century, as can be seen in a letter of indulgence from Cardinal Nikolaus von Kues from 1451, which promised a hundred days of indulgence.
During the Thirty Years War in 1631 the Swedes burned down the church and the monastery, so that only the masonry remained. The church was rebuilt in 1638. The nave was doubled and provided with a wooden ceiling. The surrounding walls of the western part from the first building phase (1238/1257) and the walls of the extended eastern part of the church from the second building phase (1317-1324) have been preserved.
Abolition of the monastery
Due to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the monastery of St. Katharinen was dissolved on August 31, 1803 and became the property of the Prince of Nassau-Usingen . The last abbess , Walburga Queng, was 67 years old at the time and had lived in the monastery for 50 years. The prioress was Franzisca Volcks from Linz, the waitress was Maria Teresa Queng from Koblenz , the provost Friedrich Zorn from Dorndorf had been in office since 1791. A total of ten nuns were last in the monastery. Walburga Queng spent her old age with four nuns in the Katharinenhof (today the Evangelical Parish Hall) in Linz on the Rhine. The remaining nuns and lay sisters went back to their hometowns. Provost Zorn was dismissed with a pension of 225 gulden.
Carl Lebrecht Buchholz from Neuwied initially received the monastery building and property in hereditary lease and bought it in 1808 for around 24,000 Reichstaler. The monastery church offered Prince Friedrich August von Nassau as a gift to the Vikarie-Gemeinde (Linzer Höhe), who did not accept it because of the maintenance costs. Buchholz then also wanted to lease the church and use it as a sheepfold. Finally the donation came about. The monastery buildings were torn down "because of the beautiful ashlar stones" and the stones were sold to Cologne. At the time of the abolition, the monastery owned the Ronig, the Erler Hof, the Linz and Leubsdorf farms , property at Dattenberg , Hönningen , and interest income at Remagen , Kasbach , Ockenfels , Linz and Leubsdorf.
Abbesses
The abbesses of St. Catherine are named:
- Benigna 1230
- Aleydis 1270
- Kunegunde 1316
- Christina von Güls 1333 and 1335
- Lutwigis 1343
- Guda 1358
- Catherine 1365
- Paulina von Selbach 1368-1388
- Hilla von Selbach 1390
- Kunegunde 1396
- Hilla von Wederstein 1406 and 1420
- Gertrudis 1451 and 1454
- Gertrudis von Berenkot 1508–1536
- Anna von Blanckard
- Maria von Holtssadell 1553–1580
- Katharina von Blanckart 1580
- Clara from Ediger 1580–1632
- Magdalena Flad 1632-1636
- Veronica Knod 1632-1674
- Katharina Küntzer 1674–1698
- Anna Maria Cluth 1398 and 1710
- Johanna Katharina Gaman 1714 and 1745
- Maria Josepha Thoma 1749–1773
- Maria Josepha Driesch 1774–1777
- Maria Walburga Queng 1778–1803
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Jakob Marx, Nikolaus Thielen, Heinrich Volk. Ed. By Matthias Schuler: History of the parishes of the deaneries Trier, Konz and Engers , Trier: Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei, 1932, page 428 ff
- ↑ a b c d e f Heiner Strauss, Karl-Josef Rings: 750 Years of the Church of St. Katharinen - Festival and Homeland Book , 1988, page 23 ff
- ↑ a b Christian von Stramburg , Anton Joseph Weidenbach : Memorable and useful Rheinischer Antiquarius , Division 3, Volume 7, RF Hergt, 1860, p 292ff.