Paulinzella Monastery
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The Paulinzella Monastery is a former Benedictine abbey , founded as a double monastery in Paulinzella in the Rottenbachtal in Thuringia . The ruin of the monastery church is one of the most important Romanesque buildings in Germany.
history
Paulinzella's origins lie in a hermitage, which was founded between 1102 and 1105 by the Saxon nobleman Paulina . Paulina was the daughter of the Steward Moricho (Moritz) from the court of King Henry IV. The king had Moricho 1068/69 24 royal in the years hooves to Gebstedt given. Moricho, who according to another document was a brother of the Merseburg bishop Werner von Wolkenburg , left these goods to his daughter Paulina, who previously lived in Gatterstädt (near Querfurt) , before he entered Hirsau monastery . Paulina also acquired the Hengelbach , Liehaben and Nahewindten works near the goods . According to legend, the actual foundation of the monastery, originally called Marienzelle , in the early Franconian settlement period goes back to Paulina's travel accident in the previously uninhabited forest valley.
In 1106 work began on the monastery complex. In 1107, according to the will of its founder Paulina, who died that year, the monastery joined the Hirsau Reform , and the Benedictine founding convention for Paulinzella came from Hirsau. In 1124 the monastery church, which was built on the model of the abbey church in Hirsau, was consecrated. In 1133 the Benedictine abbeys Paulinzella and Hirsau provided the first monks to found the Thalbürgel monastery . The Paulinzella monastery itself quickly acquired rich property: 19 villages were owned by the abbey , the monastery owned further goods in 52 other places, and Paulinzella owned rights in over 100 places. The economic center of the monastery and its villages was what is now the desert Vorwerk Neusis between Gösselborn and Hengelbach .
The third incumbent abbot received the Inful from the Archbishop of Mainz in 1195 . Until the middle of the 14th century, Paulinzella was a double, then only a monastery. 27 abbots known by name worked in the monastery. In the first time the abbey had free choice of bailiffs . Guardians were the Counts of Schwarzburg . From 1133 to 1153 Sizzo III was. called. The monastery also had serfs. Some noble and wealthy families near the monastery were in feudal relationships. The abbots of Paulinzella exercised the right of patronage over 24 churches or chapels. In total, the monastery existed for over 400 years.
Then the Schwarzburger farmer exchanged the plow for the weapons in the Peasants' War in order to achieve his independence. With the introduction of the Reformation in 1533 by the Counts of Schwarzburg, this marked the beginning of the downfall. Johann V. Schidt from the neighboring village of Milbitz was the last abbot from 1528 until its dissolution in 1541/42. In 1542, after unsuccessful resistance, secular jurisdiction was passed. The goods were leased out or administered by officials. Heinrich von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg seized the church treasure and confiscated all possessions of the monastery.
The Benedictine abbey had already been looted during the Peasant Wars and was abolished in the course of the Reformation in 1542. The previous monastery property came to the Counts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in 1547 . They established the Paulinzella Office , which consisted of seven locations and was enlarged to include the Ehrenstein Office in 1803 , but was incorporated into the Stadtilm Office in 1851 .
After the abolition of the monastery, the entire monastery complex, which was also used as a quarry to extract sandstones for building purposes, began to gradually deteriorate. After 1600 the entire complex burned down and completely fell into ruin. In 1680 parts of the monastery complex were renovated.
A hunting lodge for the Counts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was built there in the 18th century. From the late 18th century cautious security measures began on the ruins of the monastery, which are now valued by representatives of Romanticism . The settlement around the ruins was raised to the municipality of Paulinzella in the 19th century.
Meaning for Romanesque and Romanticism
Paulinzella Monastery has an important position for both Romanesque and Romanticism .
As a Romanesque church building, the monastery church ruin from the 12th century was one of the most important architectural monuments of the former GDR and was included on the central list of monuments. Since the church was built on the model of the Hirsau Church, it has gained great importance as an example of the Hirsau reform movement in church building since the complete destruction of the Hirsau Church in 1692 .
Around 1800 the ruin acquired a special meaning through a romantic turn to the past, which was closely connected with the awakening German national feeling. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller were deeply impressed by the picturesque remains of the ruined monastery complex.
The poem, long attributed to Friedrich Schiller , was written by AE Hermann on August 26, 1810 :
- Columns of the desolate temple stand alone,
- Ivy twines on the unlocked gate.
- Sang and sound ceased, the howling of the eagle owl
- now resounds in the collapsed choir.
- Gone is pomp and all splendor,
- already hurrying away in the long stream of time
- Bishop's ring and seal, ring and staff,
- forever open grave in the prehistoric world.
- Nothing is permanent, everything rushes away
- Misery and love heard, happiness;
- our striving, our hope, our senses,
- important only for a moment.
- What we lovingly embrace in the spring
- we see already fading in autumn,
- and creation's greatest masterpiece
- sinks back out of date into the dust.
Parish
The regular worship room of the Paulinzella parish , which belongs to the Singen parish association, is the parish room in the Paulinzella hunting lodge , but the ruins of the monastery are regularly used for open-air church services.
museum
In the hunting lodge of the Counts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt there is a museum on the history of monasteries, forests and hunting . The ruins of the monastery itself can be visited free of charge all year round.
literature
- Horst H. Müller: Thuringian forest and peripheral areas. Tourist Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 527-530.
- Dennis Buchert: The Paulinzella Monastery . Grin Verlag, Munich / Ravensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-23324-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Document book of the Paulinzelle monastery 1068–1534, Jena 1905, No. 1.
- ↑ Document book of the Paulinzelle monastery 1068–1534, Jena 1905, No. 2.
- ↑ Document book of the Paulinzelle monastery 1068–1534, Jena 1905, note on no. 1.
- ↑ Document book of the Paulinzelle monastery 1068–1534, Jena 1905, note on no. 2.
- ↑ Document book of the Paulinzelle monastery, 1068-1534: Name of the association for Thuringian history and antiquity . G. Fischer, 1905 ( google.de [accessed June 21, 2019]).
- ^ HE Müllerott: Archaeological, historical and natural history walks around the Singer Berg ... Thuringian Chronicle-Verlag Arnstadt 1996, p. 26.
- ^ LF Hesse quoted by HE Müllerott, Paulinzelle, former monastery in the upper lordship of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. Special print from: Thuringia and the Harz Mountains. Volume II, Thüringer Chronik-Verlag, Sondershausen 1840 / Arnstadt 1999, pp. 263-269.
- ^ Official Journal of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany 8/2013
- ^ Rottenbach community ( Memento from January 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved January 11, 2014.
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 9 ″ N , 11 ° 6 ′ 16 ″ E