Kochhart
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Kochhart Kochhartgraben, Kochhartgraben |
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 Kochhart (dig) in the NSG "Kochhartgraben and Ammertal slopes" near Reusten |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 238162 | |
| location | Baden-Württemberg ; Germany | |
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Ammer → Neckar → Rhine → North Sea | |
| origin |
Source of the Tiefenschleipf: between Ober- and Unterjettingen 48 ° 32 ′ 21 ″ N , 8 ° 49 ′ 22 ″ E |
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| Source height |
of the Tiefenschleipf : approx. 550 m above sea level NHN of the Haldengraben : |
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| muzzle | in Reusten in die Ammer Coordinates: 48 ° 32 '26 " N , 8 ° 55' 21" E 48 ° 32 '26 " N , 8 ° 55' 21" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 391 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 159 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 10 ‰ | |
| length | 15.7 km with the left upper course Tiefenschleipf |
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| Catchment area | 46.042 km² | |
The Kochhart is the longest side stream of the Neckar tributary Ammer in central Baden-Württemberg, with almost 16 kilometers on the main line . It is also known as Kochhartgraben or Kochhartgraben and flows from the right into the Ammer after running in a south-easterly to east-northeastern direction in Reusten .
geography
course
The Kochhart flows on the northern edge of the municipality of Bondorf from its left upper course Tiefenschleipf, which is officially regarded as the main upper course, and its right upper course Haldengraben . The Tiefenschleipf arises between Oberjettingen and Unterjettingen, initially runs eastwards, then longer south-eastwards, finally taking up the inconsistent Zigeunerbrünnle from the right and from the northern edge of Mötzingen until it joins the shorter Haldengraben, which arises on the southern edge of Mötzingen and after 7 km consistently pulls about east-northeast.
From then on, the Kochhart itself flows east-southeast to east-northeast through the Bondorf municipality, then changes over to that of Hailfingen , where it passes the place itself north and then reaches Reusten , after 15.7 km from the depths of Schleipf and 8.7 km after the confluence of its upper reaches flows into the Ammer from the right .
The lower section of the Kochhart or Kochhartgraben near Reusten is noteworthy, an approximately fifty meter deep cut into the terrain with a stream, rocks and limestone grassland, which is designated as a 107 hectare nature reserve . With its limestone cliffs, it is one of the most beautiful valleys in the district. The nature reserve " Kochhartgraben and Ammertalhangs " consists of eight sub-areas, with the Kochhartgraben occupying the largest area.
Tributaries
In addition to smaller ones, the Kochhart has two large tributaries below its confluence, both from the right. The Schelmengraben arises at the Herdweghöfe west of Bondorf, flows through the village and finally flows east of Bondorf, the longer upper course Weihergraben of the Förenlochgraben , which then opens at Hailfingen , begins in the south of Bondorf.
Geological description
The Kochhartgraben is largely a dry valley because the local shell limestone is heavily karstified. Its catchment area lies in the rain shadow of the Black Forest and, with an annual rainfall of just under 700 mm, is one of the drier areas in Baden-Württemberg. The small stream, which comes from the west and is fed by several springs in the Lettenkeuper , gradually seeps into the underground near Hailfingen. In the past, no water at all flowed above the ground to Reusten (Schmidt 1923). Today the mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant on the road from Hailfingen to Tailfingen ensures a continuous flow of water for the district of Hailfingen in the city of Rottenburg am Neckar and the community of Bondorf . In dry weather, 400 to 600 m³ of water flow off the sewage treatment plant per day. A large part of this water also seeps away, but the stream no longer dries out completely in the further course of the valley.
Ammer and Kochhart dug themselves deep into a layer of shell limestone near Reusten - the Kochhart formed the Kochhartgraben in the process. Both streams cut through the so-called Reustener Saddle, which bulged around five million years ago in the Pliocene . At that time, the Swabian Alb and Black Forest rose and Ammer and Kochhart were already flowing on today's routes. The ground rose so slowly that they had enough time to dig into the rock without having to change their course.
At the end of the Kochharttal there is the 500 meter long, narrow left mouth spur Kirchberg above Reusten , named after a church that used to stand at the top of the cemetery. There, for example, is the center of the oval, two to four kilometers in diameter, shell limestone saddle and at this point you have a good longitudinal view of the two canyons that Ammer and Kochhart cut into them.
vegetation
The left side of the valley of the Kochhartgraben is relatively steep. A south-facing slope along its entire length, it is covered with semi- dry grass and has always been used as a sheep pasture. The all-day tanning ensures a wealth of plant species: pasque flowers , spring fingerwort , blue scilla , cypress wolf milk , sickle-leaved rabbit's ear , buck's belt tongue , horned orchid , Händelwort , German gentian , fringed gentian , lime, gold and silver thistle .
history
The Kirchberg, which emerged from the main shell limestone, is one of the oldest settlement areas in Württemberg. Finds from the Stone and Bronze Ages were discovered here. There is also evidence of an extensive medieval castle complex here. About 6.5 m north-west of the churchyard wall, a 20 m long wall crosses the ridge and is 0.5 m high in the middle. There is no ditch in front of him, but a shallow hollow lies between the wall and the churchyard gate. Accordingly, it is probably the outer wall of a trench that has now been filled in. The actual front wall of the complex is likely to have already been located within the cemetery. Halfway up the steep southwest side of the mountain, another wall used to run along, which has recently been destroyed by the quarry operated there. You can still see various walls over which the path leads past the cemetery to the west.
The castle Kräheneck whose floor plan was pentagonal, built by the Earl of Nagold and later Tübingen by expanding alemannischen refuge as place of location; it was used from around AD 1000 to AD 1200. Kräheneck was a typical tongue castle that was protected on three sides by its natural location. Between 1921 and 1929, the University of Tübingen carried out excavations here.
In the quarry on the Kirchberg, which the city of Tübingen operated for gravel extraction from 1932 to 1970, there is now a lake that directly adjoins the Kirchberg.
use
Until the beginning of the 19th century, wine was grown on a large part of the slopes; not only on the southern slope of the Kochhartgraben - here until 1828 - but also on the Breiten Berg between Altingen and Reusten, in the Augental and on the Kornberg on the road between Poltringen and Reusten. Remnants of the vineyard wall show this to this day. After that, the slopes were used for the cultivation of orchards and gardens were laid out here; however, mostly sheep pastures were made of them. A large part lies fallow today.
Shell limestone was mined in quarries in the last century to extract gravel and, more rarely, to extract building blocks from the nodosus limestone. Some of the quarries that have since been abandoned are still fallow today, with groundwater lakes in their pits. The shell limestone mined from 1935 to 1944 from the western part of the heap on the Hailfingen district was used to build a military airfield; the break was the Hailfingen-Tailfingen satellite camp .
Highway bridge
The A 81 motorway crosses the Kochhart ditch, which is also known as the Kochhart ditch, between the Herrenberg and Rottenburg am Neckar exits on a 30 meter high and 252 meter long motorway bridge .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: short description with link to overview map and protected area ordinance )
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Maintenance and development plan for the nature reserve. Kochhartgraben and Ammertal slopes", published by the District Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Tübingen (PDF; 20 kB) )
- ↑ "The earth throws waves in Reusten", Schwäbisches Tagblatt das.magazin ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gerhard Strnisko "Nature Conservation in the Tübinger Gau" (PDF; 5.1 MB)
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Landscape protection area Kirchberg and Kochhartgraben )
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: excerpt from the maintenance and development plan for the nature reserve (PDF; 20 kB) )
- ↑ Kochhartgraben Bridge
