Bluestars

Bluestars
	Two-leaved squill ( Scilla bifolia )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily :	Scilloideae
Genre :	Bluestars
Scientific name
	Scilla
	L.

The Blue star ( Scilla ), as a common name also written "Scilla" are a plant genus in the subfamily Scilloideae within the family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae). They occur all over Europe, parts of Asia and in a few places in Africa. There are also some ornamental plants among the representatives . The best known in Germany is probably the native two-leaved squill , which is also planted in many parks and gardens.

description

All Scilla species are perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form onions as persistent organs. One to five shoot axes develop from the onion, which in some species can reach a height of up to 50 centimeters. The leaves are grouped in a basal rosette.

The bluestars form terminal, racemose inflorescences that are one to many-flowered. The flower stalks are usually erect, sometimes curved or nodding at the tip, rarely protruding or curved downwards. There is one bract per flower or it is missing. The six equal-faceted bloom are free or united at the base and spread or curved back. Their color is usually blue to purple, rarely white. The stamens are free, inserted at the base of the bracts and narrowed towards the tip. The ovary is spherical to obovate, trilocular two to ten ovules per subject. The usually straight stylus ends in a small, trimmed scar.

Scilla pollen grain 400 × in glycerine

The loculicidal capsule fruit remains spherical, opens into three lobes and contains 3 to 30 seeds. The seeds are spherical to ellipsoid, yellow, brown or black, shiny, wingless and have an elaiosome in some species .

Systematics

The genus Scilla contains around 50 to 90 species (selection):

Scilla in the strict sense

Siberian squill ( Scilla siberica ) in the Nordpark Magdeburg

The genus Scilla in its traditionally applied, broad sense is a paraphyletic group and can be divided into several genera in a system on a phylogenetic basis. In the narrowly defined genus Scilla , the family circle remains around the genus type Scilla bifolia , including the next related genus Chionodoxa .

Two-leaved squill ( Scilla bifolia L. ), type species of the genus Scilla , occurs in the narrower sense in Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia and Northern Croatia, is often combined with related small clans from Europe and the Near East, including Traun Squill ( Scilla drunensis (Speta) Speta ).
Scilla cydonia Speta , occurs only in West Crete and Karpathos.
Scilla decidua Speta
Large star hyacinth or blue snow shine ( Scilla forbesii ( Baker ) Speta , Syn .: Chionodoxa forbesii Baker ), home: Western Turkey.
Cypriot star hyacinth ( Scilla lochiae ( Meikle ) Speta , Syn .: Chionodoxa lochiae Meikle ), homeland: Cyprus.
Common star hyacinth or Great Snow Pride ( Scilla luciliae ( Boiss. ) Speta , Syn .: Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. ), Native to Turkey.
Scilla nana ( Schult. & Schult.f. ) Speta (Syn .: Chionodoxa nana (Schult. & Schult. F.) Boiss. & Heldr. , Chionodoxa cretica Boiss. & Heldr. , Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta ), home: Crete. With two subspecies:
- Scilla nana subsp. albescens (Speta) Speta , Syn. Scilla albescens Speta , Chionodoxa albescens (Speta) Rix
- Scilla nana subsp. nana .
Scilla resslii Speta
Dark star hyacinth ( Scilla sardensis ( Whittall ex Barr & Sugden ) Speta , Syn .: Chionodoxa sardensis Whittall ex Barr & Sugden ), home: Western Turkey.
Speta squill ( Scilla spetana Kereszty ), origin : Hungary, Austria.

Vienna squill ( Scilla vindobonensis Speta )

Scilla in the broader sense

Single-leaved squill ( Scilla monophyllos )

Peruvian squill ( Scilla peruviana )

Scilla verna

Scilla madeirensis

Bluestar on the Isar

The following species (selection) are often placed in the genera given as synonyms:

Beautiful squill ( Scilla amoena L. , Syn. Othocallis amoena (L.) Speta ), homeland unknown.

Scilla atropatana Grossh. (Syn. Hyacinthella atropatana (upper case) Mordak & Zakhar. ): The home is the southern Transcaucasia.

Autumn squill ( Scilla autumnalis L. , Syn .: Prospero autumnale (L.) Speta ), home: Mediterranean area.

Scilla bisotunensis Speta (Syn .: Fessia bisotunensis (Speta) Speta ): The home is western Iran.

Scilla cilicica See (Syn .: Othocallis cilicica (See) Speta ): The range extends from southern Turkey to northern Israel.

Scilla furseorum Meikle (Syn .: Fessia furseorum (Meikle) Speta ), home: Northeast Afghanistan.

Scilla gorganica Speta (Syn .: Fessia gorganica (Speta) Speta ): The home is northern Iran.

Greilhuber's squill ( Scilla greilhuberi Speta , Syn .: Fessia greilhuberi (Speta) Speta ), origin : Iran.

Scilla griffithii Hochr. (Syn .: Fessia purpurea ( handle. ) Speta ): The distribution area extends from eastern Afghanistan to Kashmir.

Hohenacker squill ( Scilla Hohenackeri Fisch. & CA Mey. , Syn .: Fessia Hohenackeri (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Speta ), home: Caucasus, Iran.

Hyacinth squill ( Scilla hyacinthoides L. , Syn .: Nectaroscilla hyacinthoides (L.) Parl. ), Origin: Southern Europe, Western Asia, naturalized in Algeria.

Scilla ingridiae Speta (Syn .: Othocallis ingridiae (Speta) Speta ): The home is southern Turkey.

Scilla kurdistanica Speta (Syn .: Othocallis kurdistanica (Speta) Speta ): The home is northern Iraq.

Scilla leepii Speta (Syn .: Othocallis leepii (Speta) Speta ): The home is eastern Turkey.

Scilla libanotica Speta (Syn .: Othocallis libanotica (Speta) Speta ): The home is Lebanon.

Canary Squill ( Scilla latifolia (Willd. Ex Schult. & Schult. F.) Speta (Syn .: Autonoe latifolia (Willd. Ex Schult. & Schult. F.) Speta ); Occurrence: Canary Islands and North Africa.

Pyrenean squill ( Scilla liliohyacinthus L. , Syn. Tractema liliohyacinthus (L.) Speta ), native to: Northern Spain, France.
Amethyst squill or meadow squill ( Scilla litardierei Breistr. , Syn .: Chouardia litardierei (Breistr.) Speta ), home: Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro.
Scilla madeirensis Menezes (Syn .: Autonoe madeirensis (Menezes) Speta ): The home is Madeira and Selvagens .
Scilla melaina Speta (Syn .: Othocallis melaina (Speta) Speta ): The home is southern Turkey.
Scilla mesopotamica Speta (Syn .: Othocallis mesopotamica (Speta) Speta ): It occurs in Turkey.
Mishchenko squill ( Scilla mischenkoana Grossh. , Syn .: Othocallis mischenkoana (Grossh.) Speta ), home: Caucasus.
Einblättriger squill ( Scilla monophyllos link , Syn. Tractema monophyllos (Link) Speta ): It occurs in western Spain, Portugal and Morocco.
Scilla mordakiae Speta (Syn .: Othocallis mordakiae (Speta) Speta )
Scilla morrisii Meikle (Syn .: Othocallis morrisii (Meikle) Speta , with Scilla Veneris Speta as Othocallis morrisii var. Veneris (Speta) Speta )
Scilla obtusifolia Poir. (Syn .: Prospero obtusifolium (Poir.) Speta ), occurs in northeastern Spain, Algeria, Morocco and on the islands of the western Mediterranean area.
Scilla parwanica Speta (Syn .: Fessia parwanica (Speta) Speta ): The home is the eastern and central Afghanistan.
Scilla persica Hausskn. (Syn .: Zagrosia persica (Hausskn.) Speta ), home: western Iran, northern Iraq.
Peruvian squill or star of Peru ( Scilla peruviana L. , Syn .: Oncostema peruviana (L.) Speta ), native to: Western Mediterranean region, Portugal, North Africa.
Pushkinia squill ( Scilla puschkinioides Regel , Syn .: Fessia puschkinioides (Regel) Speta ), home: Central Asia
Scilla raewskiana Regel (Syn .: Fessia raewskiana (Regel) Speta ): The homeland is Tajikistan and northeast Afghanistan.
Cyclamen squill ( Scilla rosenii K. Koch , Syn .: Othocallis rosenii (K. Koch) Speta ), home: the Caucasus, Turkey.
East Asian squill ( Scilla scilloides ( Lindl. ) Druce , Syn .: Barnardia japonica ( Thunb. ) Schult. & Schult. F. ), Origin: East Asia (China, Amur, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Taiwan).
Siberian squill or Russian squill ( Scilla siberica Haw. , Syn .: Othocallis siberica (Haw.) Speta ), native to the Middle East, Russia, many naturalized in Europe.
Scilla talosii Tzanoud. & Kypr. (Syn .: Prospero talosii (Tzanoud. & Kypr.) Speta ): It occurs in Crete.
Scilla verna Huds. (Syn .: Tractema verna (Huds.) Speta , Oncostema verna (Huds.) Speta ), homeland: Western Europe from Portugal and Spain to Great Britain, Norway and the Faroe Islands.
Scilla vvedenskyi Pazij (Syn .: Fessia vvedenskyi (Pazij) Speta ): The homeland is Tajikistan .

literature

John McNeill: Scilla. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 , pp. 320 (English, online ). (Section description)
Entry at the www.pacificbulbsociety.org.
Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
John McNeill: Scilla L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 41–43 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Bluestars ( Scilla ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b E. V. Mordak: Scilla. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 8 (Butomaceae to Typhaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1984, ISBN 0-85224-494-0 , pp. 214 .
↑ Martin Pfosser, Franz Speta: Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 86, No. 4, 1999, pp. 852-875, digitized .
↑ ^a ^b Franz Speta: About Chionodoxa Boiss., Their structure and affiliation with Scilla L. In: Naturkundliches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz. Volume 21, 1976, pp. 9-79 ( PDF (11.5 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
^ ^A ^b Franz Speta: Systematic analysis of the genus Scilla L. sl (Hyacinthaceae). In: Phyton (horn). Volume 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1–141 ( PDF (29.7 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
↑ Franz Speta: The spring-blooming Scilla species of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz. Volume 25, 1979, pp. 19-198 ( PDF (25.9 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
^ ^A ^b Franz Speta: The Scilla species (Hyacinthaceae) of the Greek islands of Crete and Karpathos. In: Linz Biological Contributions. Volume 30, No. 1, 1998, pp. 431-437 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scilla. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 9, 2016.
↑ Franz Speta: New Scilla species from the eastern Mediterranean. In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz. Volume 22, 1976, pp. 65-72 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; notation).
^ Franz Speta: Morphological and karyological studies of Othocallis morrisii (Meikle) Speta (Hyacinthaceae) from the island of Cyprus. In: Phyton (horn). Volume 51, No. 2, 2011, pp. 217-230.
↑ Dimitris Tzanoudakis, Zaharias Kypriotakis: A new polyploid Scilla (Liliaceae) from the Cretan area (Greece). In: Folia Geobotanica. Volume 33, No. 1, 1998, pp. 103-108, doi : 10.1007 / BF02914932 .

[FT-1] A ^b E. V. Mordak: Scilla. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 8 (Butomaceae to Typhaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1984, ISBN 0-85224-494-0 , pp. 214 .

[Pfosser-Speta1999-2] Martin Pfosser, Franz Speta: Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 86, No. 4, 1999, pp. 852-875, digitized .

[Speta1976-3] Franz Speta: About Chionodoxa Boiss., Their structure and affiliation with Scilla L. In: Naturkundliches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz. Volume 21, 1976, pp. 9-79 ( PDF (11.5 MB) on ZOBODAT ).

[Speta_1998-4] A ^b Franz Speta: Systematic analysis of the genus Scilla L. sl (Hyacinthaceae). In: Phyton (horn). Volume 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1–141 ( PDF (29.7 MB) on ZOBODAT ).

[Speta1979-5] Franz Speta: The spring-blooming Scilla species of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz. Volume 25, 1979, pp. 19-198 ( PDF (25.9 MB) on ZOBODAT ).

[Speta1998a-6] A ^b Franz Speta: The Scilla species (Hyacinthaceae) of the Greek islands of Crete and Karpathos. In: Linz Biological Contributions. Volume 30, No. 1, 1998, pp. 431-437 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

[WCSP-7] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scilla. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 9, 2016.

[Speta1976a-8] Franz Speta: New Scilla species from the eastern Mediterranean. In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz. Volume 22, 1976, pp. 65-72 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; notation).

[Speta2011-9] Franz Speta: Morphological and karyological studies of Othocallis morrisii (Meikle) Speta (Hyacinthaceae) from the island of Cyprus. In: Phyton (horn). Volume 51, No. 2, 2011, pp. 217-230.

[Tzanoudakis1998-10] Dimitris Tzanoudakis, Zaharias Kypriotakis: A new polyploid Scilla (Liliaceae) from the Cretan area (Greece). In: Folia Geobotanica. Volume 33, No. 1, 1998, pp. 103-108, doi : 10.1007 / BF02914932 .