Two-leaved squill

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Two-leaved squill
Scilla bifolia 070406.jpg

Two-leaved squill ( Scilla bifolia )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Squill ( Scilla )
Type : Two-leaved squill
Scientific name
Scilla bifolia
L.

The two-sheeted squill ( Scilla bifolia ), also called bluebell or two-sheeted squill is a plant from the family of asparagus plants (Asparagaceae). It is a member of a diverse group of species, Scilla bifolia agg, which is rich in shape, especially in south- eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean . In Central Europe it is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant.

description

The two-leaved squill is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of (5 to) 15 to 20 centimeters. This geophyte forms an onion as a persistent organ. The onions are pink under the dry skins. One stem is formed for each onion. This has a round cross-section. There are two sheets .

The (three to) four to seven (to twelve) flowers are arranged in a one-sided cluster . Cover and front pages are almost missing. The buds are gray-blue to blue. The tepals are light blue without a white background and (7 to) 8 to 9 millimeters long and 3 to 3.5 millimeters wide. The olive brown, dry dark brown seeds measure fresh 2.5 mm in diameter and have oil bodies.

The flowering period extends from March to April.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The two-leaved squill is a spring geophyte .

The flowers are homogamous "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The nectar is on the walls of the ovary deposited. Pollinators include flies .

The fruits are self-sowing capsules. The ripe fruit stalks tilt to the ground and the soft capsules burst. The seeds have an elaiosome and are spread by ants , for example by the black garden ant Lasius niger .

The vegetative reproduction takes place via the onions and voles spread them in the area.

Occurrence

Scilla bifolia occurs in Spain, France, Italy, in southern and central Germany as well as in closely related and very similar small species or, if there is a wide variety of species, in the mountains of the eastern Mediterranean, in the Ukraine, in the Caucasus and in Western Asia in fresh fall deciduous forests in front.

In Germany, the sub-Mediterranean plant reaches its limit of distribution due to the climate: “In Germany, the squill grows mainly on the Danube and Rhine and their tributaries, and also on moist mixed deciduous forests in the Palatinate Forest and on the Hardt. One of the northernmost deposits is on the edge of the Siebengebirge near Bonn, at the transition from the Middle to the Lower Rhine. Particularly large bluestar carpets can be admired in the alluvial forests of the northern Upper Rhine plain. ”In green spaces, the flower carpets can be admired“ for example in Baden-Württemberg at Bruchsal Castle or in Bavaria at Castle Ellingen near Weißenburg ”.

Scilla bifolia is a character species of the Querco-Fagetea class, but occurs particularly in societies of the Alno-Ulmion, Carpinion, Tilio-Acerion, Fagion and the order Quercetalia pubescentis.

toxicology

The entire plant is poisonous, especially bulbs and seeds . The main active ingredients are saponins and, in some types, cardiac glycosides . The juice can cause skin irritation in sensitive people.

use

The two-leaved squill, which rarely grows wild in Germany, is particularly protected by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance, so it may not be picked even for small hand bouquets.

The early bloomer has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since 1594 at the latest, its flower bulbs are easy to multiply and are still offered in the plant trade (also in related small species) to this day. However, it is rarely used as an ornamental plant in Germany. Only if the site conditions in the warmer regions of southern and western Germany suit it, does it develop mass occurrences as a wild plant and can also be used as an ornamental plant (see above: occurrence). In other areas, the similar Siberian squill ( Othocallis siberica ) is better suited for gardening.

Scilla bifolia is very hardy, thrives in sunny to slightly partially shaded locations in the sub-Mediterranean climate and needs fresh, humus-rich, nutrient-rich soil. The flowers of the 'Alba' variety are white, those of the 'Carnea' variety are light pink.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Franz Speta: Scilla. In: Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 (with a narrow understanding of the species).
  2. ↑ a b c d Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 (with a broader understanding of the species).
  3. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ^ A b Franz Speta: The spring-flowering Scilla species of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz. Volume 25, 1979, pp. 19–198 ( PDF (25.9 MB) on ZOBODAT ; with a narrow understanding of the species).
  5. ↑ a b Sea monsters in the sea of ​​flowers - To the bluestar blossom in the alluvial forests of the Upper Rhine Plain - NABU plant portrait
  6. ↑ Distribution map of Scilla bifolia, Zwelättriger Blaustern in Germany - FlorKart of FloraWeb
  7. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  132 .
  8. ^ Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Toxic Plants - Plant Poisons. Occurrence, effect, therapy, allergic and phototoxic reactions. With a special section about poisonous animals. 6th, revised edition, special edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .
  9. ↑ Johannes Kreuzer: Kreuzer's garden plants lexicon. Volume 4: Sunflowers, bulbs and tubers, bedding and balcony plants. 4th edition. Thalacker, Braunschweig 1999, ISBN 3-87815-140-3 , p. 177.

Web links

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