Floating crane
A floating crane or crane vessel is a mobile, on waters floating crane and therefore belongs to the class of service vessels .
It is usually used for lifting and moving particularly heavy or large objects in, on or near bodies of water. A common area of application is the recovery of sunken ships or other objects sunken in the water and the transport of building structures for harbor or offshore facilities . The handling or installation of heavy goods or heavy-duty work in sea and inland ports are also part of the field of application. For longer transports, the lifted load is placed on your own or another floating pontoon and brought to the desired location.
Structure and technology
The hull of the ships, which used mainly as a monohull (Engl. Monohull was designed) is, in modern cranes usually as a multihull (catamaran), with a floating body , similar to a pontoon , or semi-submersible designed to move the ship quieter and more stable in the water hold. Instead of anchorages or counterweights , changes are made to the ballast tanks .
If floating cranes have their own travel drive, modern cranes often use a Voith-Schneider drive , Schottel rudder propeller or propulsion gondolas because of their better maneuverability . These variable and flexible drives are often combined with systems for dynamic positioning (DPS), which keep the ships in position under computer control.
If they are not self-propelled, they are moved with tugs . Cranes without their own drive are also known as lifting jacks.
Among the different types there are pure luffing jib cranes in which the jib can only move up and down, and floating slewing cranes whose jib can be swiveled. A special design is the double-link luffing crane (since around 1925), here the jib can be moved forwards and backwards so that the load always remains at the same height. Floating cranes without a movable jib, see example Enak , are referred to as gantry cranes, here the entire pontoon must be moved in order to move the load forwards or sideways. In the construction, the static calculation is a particular challenge, as the load changes the center of gravity of the floating crane and the stability is endangered.
history
Floating cranes appeared in medieval port operations as early as the 14th century, where they represented a flexible addition to the stationary cranes on the quay. Modern floating cranes were built as early as 1880. The first German submarine ship was lifting 1909 SMS volcano , at the same time an early dock ship as a multihull .
Today's most powerful floating crane Sleipnir can lift loads of up to 20,000 tons, while the Thialf can lift 14,200 tons. The third largest floating crane, the Saipem 7000 , allows a load moment of up to 560,000 meter tonnes (mt) in the hoist .
Large heavy lift carriers that have been built since the 1980s with their own cranes on board, with up to 2000 t ( Sietas Type 183 since 2011) or 3000 t (TBN from 2013) in tandem operation, are now close to the lifting capacity of large floating cranes. Some freighters (usually with a slightly lower capacity of up to 2 × 1000 t) also work with dynamic positioning, whereby the offshore lifting capacity is less than in protected basins.
Floating cranes as museum ships
- Langer Heinrich Shipbuilding and Shipping Museum Rostock
- SK 26 Saatsee Harbor Museum Hamburg
- HHLA 1 Karl Friedrich Steen Museum Harbor Oevelgönne
- Condor museum harbor Greifswald
Overview of the largest floating cranes in the world
| ship | owner | Capacity (tons) | Ship type | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleipnir | Heerema Marine Contractors | 20,000 (2 × 10,000) | Semi-submersible |
_-_crop_1280x720px.jpg)
|
| Thialf | Heerema Marine Contractors | 14,200 (2 × 7,100) | Semi-submersible |
|
| Saipem 7000 | Saipem | 14,000 (2 × 7,000) | Semi-submersible |
|
| Svanen | Ballast Nedam | 8,700 | catamaran |
|
| Hermod | Heerema Marine Contractors | 8,100 (1 × 4,500, 1 × 3,600) | Semi-submersible |
|
| Balder | Heerema Marine Contractors | 6,300 (1 × 3,600, 1 × 2,700) | Semi-submersible |
|
| Seven Borealis | Subsea 7 | 5,000 | Monohull |
|
| Seaway Strashnov | Seaway Vessels | 5,000 | Monohull |
_-_Beerkanaal_-_Port_of_Rotterdam_-_27_June_2015.jpg)
|
| Aegir | Heerema Marine Contractors | 4,000 | Monohull |
|
| DB 50 | J. Ray McDermott | 3,992 | Monohull | |
| Rambiz | Scaldis | 3,300 | catamaran | |
| Asian Hercules II | Smit | 3,200 | Monohull | |
| DB 101 | J. Ray McDermott | 3,175 | Semi-submersible | |
| DB 30 | J. Ray McDermott | 2,800 | Monohull | |
| Sapura 3000 | Sapura / Acergy | 2,700 | Monohull | |
| Seaway Yudin | Seaway Vessels | 2,500 | Monohull |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Saipem 3000 | Saipem | 2,177 | Monohull | |
| Goliath class | Cvi Global Lux Oil & Gas Luxembourg | 1,600 | Monohull, offshore |
|
Image examples
Goliath floating crane in Rostock , 1977
Gantry crane Langer Heinrich in Rostock
Enak floating crane in Bremerhaven
Taklift 7 during the construction of the Rügen Bridge in Stralsund
Asian Hercules II off Cuxhaven
Floating crane Athlet III on the Weser
Achilles floating crane on the Rhine in front of Cologne-Deutz
HHLA III floating crane in the port of Hamburg
Micoperi 30 floating crane in front of Giglio Island
Web links
- The floating crane "Langer Heinrich" from Wilhelmshaven
- Floating crane in Cologne
- Museum floating crane HHLA I "Karl Friedrich Steen" from 1928
Individual evidence
- ↑ W. Ludwig Andrée: The statics of heavy-duty cranes: shipyard and floating cranes and floating crane pontoons, Oldenbourg, Berlin 1919
- ↑ Michael Matheus: Medieval harbor cranes . In: Uta Lindgren (Ed.): European technology in the Middle Ages. 800–1400, Berlin 2001 (4th ed.), P. 346 ISBN 3-7861-1748-9
- ↑ Technical data of the Thialf on the HMC website ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English), accessed on April 9, 2009
- ↑ Harbor Museum - floating crane. Retrieved October 8, 2018 .
- ↑ HHLA I floating crane Karl Friedrich Steen. Retrieved October 8, 2018 .
- ^ Museum harbor Greifswald - Condor. Retrieved October 8, 2018 (German).