Crisis prevention

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Crisis prevention are all measures of economic agents that the prevention against crises and other threatening events serve.

General

Prevention is practiced in many specialist areas , such as fire protection , disease prevention or crime prevention . Economic subjects that can practice crisis prevention are companies , private individuals or the state through its governments . From an organizational point of view, crises are suitable for endangering the continued existence of an organization . In addition to internal corporate , government or marriage crises, there are massive exogenous events such as banking crises, Cyber ​​attacks , energy crises , epidemics , financial crises , wars , natural disasters , oil crises , pandemics , shocks , terrorism or economic crises that fall within the scope of crisis prevention as a crisis. All crisis species are characterized in that they, surprisingly and suddenly with high momentum occur suddenly and and of these sufferers under time pressure set, quick decisions with the high risk of a wrong decision have to make. Crises usually have characteristics such as urgency, uncertainty and discontinuity.

content

Crisis prevention is part of crisis management and is therefore a cross-sectional task . In order to reduce the time pressure that arises when crises occur, a crisis plan can help to anticipate conceivable future crisis situations (crisis potentials) and to take steps to overcome the crisis into account. Crisis prevention also includes the creation of crisis scenarios ( scenario analysis and scenario technology ) and crisis reaction structures. These must also provide for communication with employees , authorities and the public . The weakest points that are most susceptible to crises are those that are to be uncovered as part of a weak point analysis and made crisis- proof. Once the potential for a crisis has been identified, infrastructures and instruments are set up, the crisis plans and crisis training implemented and an early warning system set up .

Companies

Apart from corporate crises, the task of crisis prevention is to counter possible external crises through comprehensive strategies . The operational safety management and the safety officer ensure operational safety and the risk management tries to identify and eliminate all conceivable risks. Only then does crisis prevention begin. It builds on empirical values ​​and tries to foresee future developments and identifies possible crises in a contingency plan. It provides for a crisis team whose members are active when a crisis occurs. Here can stress tests simulate in advance certain crisis scenarios.

State and government

Crisis prevention is the "management of peaceful change". "The question of the extent to which governments are interested in developing effective mechanisms for cooperative conflict prevention is closely linked to the question of what relationships states have with multilateral organizations and civil society actors in the field of international security and peace policy ". In the USA there is a claim that the USA would have a global leadership role in crisis prevention. In Germany, the federal government published an action plan “Civilian Crisis Prevention” in May 2004, which provides for cross-departmental civil (i.e. non-military) measures and options for action in the area of ​​crisis prevention, civil conflict management and peacebuilding and / or peacebuilding.

Private individuals

Crisis prevention is becoming increasingly important for private individuals. Help is offered in coping with life crises (such as unemployment , divorce , debt ), health problems ( drug abuse ) or conflicts in the workplace ( bullying ).

Legal issues

Crisis is even a legal term that is defined in Section 4 (1) VSVgV as any situation in an EU member state or a third country in which a damaging event has occurred that goes well beyond the scope of damaging events in everyday life and involves life and The health of many people is seriously endangered or restricted, has a significant impact on property or necessitates vital supply measures for the population. A crisis also exists if there are specific circumstances that mean that such a damaging event is imminent. Armed conflicts and wars are crises within the meaning of this regulation. In Section 91 (2 ) AktG , early detection of developments that endanger the continued existence of the company is required in the case of stock corporations .

statistics

In 2018, 75% of the respondents from organizations (companies, authorities and associations) in Germany , Austria , Switzerland and Liechtenstein had to deal with at least one crisis, 26% even three or more crises; 55% had to deal with human-related crises such as accidents, death or pandemics and 44% had to deal with technology-related crises such as cyber attacks or fires. According to this study, the organizations surveyed rely on media monitoring (81 percent), crisis teams (78 percent) and crisis manuals (72 percent) in crisis prevention. Every second organization carries out regular crisis exercises (59 percent) or has crisis rooms ready for emergencies (46 percent).

Literature / web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden (ed.), Kompakt-Lexikon Management , 2012, p. 212
  2. ↑ Hans-Dieter Zollondz / Michael Ketting / Raimund Pfundtner (eds.), Lexicon Quality Management , 2016, p. 590
  3. ↑ Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden (ed.), Kompakt-Lexikon Management , 2012, p. 212
  4. ↑ Petra Hoffmann, Crisis Prevention: Recognizing Dangers and Seizing Opportunities , in: Hartwin Möhrle (Ed.), Krisen-PR: Recognizing, mastering and preventing crises, 2004, p. 123
  5. ↑ Jörg H. Trauboth (Ed.), Crisis Management in Companies and Public Institutions , 2016, p. 74
  6. ↑ Volker Matthies, Crisis Prevention: Prevention is Better than Cure , 2000, p. 31
  7. ↑ Dieter Reinhardt, States and Crisis Prevention , in: Friedensbericht 1999, 1999, p. 335
  8. ↑ Volker Matthies, Crisis Prevention: Prevention is Better than Healing , 2000, p. 69
  9. ↑ Martin Elbe, Betriebliche Sozialarbeit , in: Wolfgang Lück (Ed.), Lexikon der Betriebswirtschaft, 2004, p. 617
  10. ↑ Crisis Navigator - Institute for Crisis Research, Kiel University (ed.) / Frank Roselieb, Status Quo of Crisis Communication, Crisis Management and Crisis Training in Companies, Authorities and Associations: Results of the 2019 crisis prevention survey accessed on September 15, 2019