Krosno (Orneta)

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Krosno
Krosno does not have a coat of arms
Krosno (Poland)
Krosno
Krosno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Lidzbarsk Warmiński
Gmina : Orneta
Geographic location : 54 ° 8 '  N , 20 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 7 '54 "  N , 20 ° 10' 15"  E
Residents : 189 (1999)
Postal code : 11-130
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NLI



Krosno (German Krossen ) is a village in the Gmina Orneta in Poland . Alongside Heiligelinde , Glottau and Dietrichswalde , Krossen was the most important place of pilgrimage in East Prussia, especially for Warmia and parts of Masuria.

Geographical location

Krosno is located in the northeast of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, four kilometers northeast of Orneta and 27 kilometers west of Lidzbark Warmiński and 45 kilometers northwest of the state capital Olsztyn .

history

From the 14th century to 1945

The place emerged from an estate named after its owner Johann von Crossen. 1384 was Krossen by Bishop Heinrich III. Sorbom (1340–1401) was formally founded and the first small church, the Marienkapelle, was built. As early as 1400, pilgrims from the surrounding area came to pray in front of a statue of Our Lady cut from alabaster . At the end of the 16th century, the Braunsberg mayor Jakob Bartsch acquired the place and the estate. In 1593 he had the Lady Chapel renewed.

After the devastating plague epidemic that had reached East Prussia in autumn 1708 and raged in the first half of 1709 especially in southern and eastern East Prussia (the " Great Plague "), but (still) spared parts of the Warmia, the Warmia cathedral chapter decided at the suggestion of Kaspar Simonis (1660–1733), archpriest from Wormditt , built a large pilgrimage church as a votive church in 1709 . Krossen attracted so many pilgrims that the pilgrimage there became proverbial: "An operation like in Krossen, just not so solemn!"

The pilgrimage to Krossen was particularly encouraged by Bishop Maximilian Kaller . During the years of the Nazi dictatorship, thousands of pilgrims came to Krossen on pilgrimage days, also to show their solidarity with the Catholic Church.

From 1772 to 1945 the place belonged to the district of Braunsberg in East Prussia and ecclesiastically to the parish of Wormditt. In 1933 about 319 people lived in the village.

After 1945

At the end of the Second World War , in January 1945, Krossen was captured by the Red Army . In August 1945 Krossen (henceforth: Krosno) was placed under Polish administration together with the southern half of East Prussia in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The German population - as far as they had not already fled - was expelled .

From 1975 to 1998 Krosno was part of the Elbląg Voivodeship , and since 1998 it has been part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . Today Krosno has almost 200 inhabitants (as of 1999).

Pilgrimage church

church

The pilgrimage church commissioned by the Warmia cathedral chapter in 1709 replaced the Marienkapelle, which was much too small due to the influx of pilgrims. The Wormditter master builder Johann Christoph Reimers was commissioned with the planning. Following the example of the pilgrimage church in Heiligelinde , he built a three-aisled baroque hall church with a semicircular choir. Construction began in 1715; Christoph Peucker created the high altar, the pulpit and the prospectus of the organ. The ceiling vaults were painted in the Italian style. Some of the altars in the side chapels were also decorated with rich figural decorations and paintings. The wrought iron gate is remarkable. In 1720 the church was completed. It was consecrated by Bishop Theodor Andreas Potocki .

At the same time, Archpriest Kaspar Simonis set up a monastery in Krossen, especially for old diocesan priests. This so-called “convent” was completed in 1722, and in 1740 the cloister surrounding the church , with a small, domed chapel at each of the four corners.

From 1927 to 1940 the church was completely restored.

literature

in order of appearance

  • Filip Sulimierski: Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich (Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries), Vol. 4. Warsaw 1883, p. 709.
  • The Warmia pilgrimage site of Krossen . In: Pastoralblatt für die Dioecese Ermland , Vol. 18 (1886), No. 8, pp. 18-23.
  • Adolf Boetticher (edit.): The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia . Vol. 4: The architectural and art monuments in Warmia . Bernhart Teichert, Königsberg 1894, pp. 167–171: Krossen .
  • Otto Rautenberg: East and West Prussia. A guide through the magazine literature . Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, p. 128 (literature on Krossen).
  • Eugen Brachvogel: The pilgrimage church in Krossen . Publishing house of the Guttstädter Zeitung, Guttstadt 1929.
  • Tadeusz Chrzanowski: Przewodnik po zabytkowych kościołach północnej Warmii . Warmińskie Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne, Allenstein 1978, pp. 75-83.
  • Jan Chłosta: Słownik Warmii, historyczno-geograficzny . Wydawnictwo Littera, Allenstein 2002, ISBN 83-914158-5-6 , pp. 189-190.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anneliese Triller : On the origin and history of the Warmia pilgrimage sites . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands , Vol. 29 (1956), pp. 312–321.
  2. ↑ a b Aegidius Müller: The holy Germany. History and description of all places of pilgrimage in the German Empire . Schafstein, Cologne, 3rd ed. 1900, vol. 2, pp. 221–226: The pilgrimage to the most blessed virgin in Krossen .
  3. ^ A b Georg Hermanowski: East Prussia. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Adam Kraft Verlag, Mannheim, 2nd edition 1989, ISBN 3-8083-1190-8 , p. 173.
  4. ↑ History about the pilgrimage site Krossen . In: Ermländischer Hauskalender , vol. 11 (1867).
  5. ^ Georg Hermanowski: East Prussia in color. Land of amber . Adam Kraft Verlag, Mannheim 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1084-7 , p. 43.
  6. ^ Antonie and Horst Lange: Warmian vocabulary , accessed on October 28, 2016.
  7. ^ Ernst Opgenoorth (ed.): Handbook of the history of East and West Prussia . Vol. 4: From the Treaty of Versailles to the end of the Second World War . Verlag Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Lüneburg 1997. ISBN 3-932267-06-0 , p. 145.
  8. ↑ Barbara Sapała: From information to creation. Representation of the Warmia places of pilgrimage in the "Warmia House Calendar" . In: Studia Ełckie , Vol. 16 (2014), pp. 441–456, here p. 454.
  9. ^ Franz Buchholz: Pictures from Wormditt's past . Verlag Bruno Kraft, Wormditt, 2nd increased and improved edition. 1935, p. 51.
  10. ↑ The Warmian pilgrimage site Krossen . In: Pastoralblatt für die Dioecese Ermland , Vol. 18 (1886), No. 8, pp. 18-23.
  11. ^ Hermann Heckmann : Builder of the Baroque and Rococo in Brandenburg-Prussia . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-345-00631-6 , p. 37.
  12. ↑ Adolf Boetticher (arrangement): The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia . Vol. 4: The architectural and art monuments in Warmia . Bernhart Teichert, Königsberg 1894, pp. 167–171.
  13. ↑ a b c Eugen Brachvogel: The pilgrimage church in Krossen . Publishing house of the Guttstädter Zeitung, Guttstadt 1929.
  14. ↑ Andrzej Rzempołuch: Przewodnik po zabytkach sztuki dawnych Prus Wschodnich (Guide to monumental works of art in the former East Prussia). Agencja Wydawnicza “Remix”, Allenstein 1992, pp. 34–36.
  15. ↑ Adolf Boetticher (arrangement): The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia . Vol. 4: The architectural and art monuments in Warmia . Bernhart Teichert, Königsberg 1894, p. 171.
  16. ↑ Adolf Boetticher (arrangement): The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia . Vol. 8: From the cultural history of East Prussia . Bernhart Teichert, Königsberg 1898, p. 109.
  17. ↑ Andrzej Kopiczko: Ustrój i organizacja diecezji warmińskiej w latach 1525–1772 (establishment and establishment of the Warmia diocese from 1525 to 1772). Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie, Allenstein 1993, pp. 188-189.
  18. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. Vol. 1: Statistics . Maurersche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1828, p. 372 (chapter charitable foundations , paragraph priestly houses ).
  19. ^ Mieczysław Orłowicz: Ilustrowany przewodnik po Mazurach Pruskich i Warmii (Illustrated Guide to Prussian Masuria and Warmia), Agencja Wydawnicza “Remix”, Allenstein 1991, pp. 256-258.
  20. ↑ Michael Antoni (edit.): West and East Prussia. The former provinces of West and East Prussia (Deutschordensland Prussia) with Bütower and Lauenburger Land . Complete revision on the basis of the volume Deutschordensland Prussia published in 1952 in the Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 1993, ISBN 3-422-03025-5 , p. 328.

Web links

Commons : Krosno  - collection of images, videos and audio files