Christine Poniatovska

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Christina de Duchnik. Original steel engraving, 1665.

Christine Poniatovska (Polish: Kristina Poniatowská ) (born March 4, 1610 in Lessen , East Prussia ; died December 6, 1644 in Leszno near Posen ) was a Polish writer, prophet, religious enthusiast and seer .

Life

Christine (Christina) Poniatovska, was a daughter of Julian Poniatovski de Duchnik , who converted to the Bohemian Brethren Church , an evangelical free church community that on the eve of the Thirty Years' War was still under the protection of Rudolf II's letter of majesty and was treated relatively tolerantly. Her father served this church as a minister. In 1615 her parents emigrated to Bohemia . When the Protestant Bohemian estates were defeated by the Catholic League in the Battle of White Mountain (1620) , the persecution of all Protestant denominations in the countries of the Habsburg monarchies began. Her family was expelled from Bohemia in 1627. In 1627 Christine Poniatovska got a job with the Baroness von Engelberg at Branna Castle . Like many other expelled fellow believers, Johann Amos Comenius arrived in Lissa on February 8, 1628 and lived in a house with Christine Poniatovska. In 1632 she married Daniel Vetter, the preacher of the Brethren Church in Lissa. The marriage had two children. She died of consumption on December 6, 1644 in Lissa near Posen .

Visions

On November 12, 1627, she fell into an ecstatic state for the first time , which was repeated several times until the beginning of 1629. She had various wondrous faces. After a particularly strong seizure on January 27, 1629, she thought those around him were dead and arranged her funeral. After that, she recovered and had no further symptoms. In 1629 her revelations appeared in conjunction with other similar visions . “There she had seen a bloody rod in the sky above the castle courtyard in Brann, the stem of which was swept towards midnight, but whose branches were swept towards noon, and in very general images and expressions indicate a power that comes from midnight and that from noon advancing enemies, the Roman Emperor and the Pope, would defeat and destroy. "

Another strange book was published three years later: "Deß midnight Post-Reutters ...". There another thirteen prophecies of this "Bohemian maiden" were mentioned. The Swedish King Gustav Adolf had advanced victoriously into Germany and defeated Tilly in the Battle of Leipzig . The prophecies described in this book are only different variations of their first face from November 12th, 1627. Gustav Adolf's successes were seen as at least the beginning of the fulfillment of their “predictions”.

Her appearance against Wallenstein was rated very strangely . In one of her visions she received the order “to write a letter, which the Lord would dictate to her, to the then imperial general and well-known tyrant, the Prince of Wallenstein, to seal it with three seals and to bring it to Gitschin himself either to hand over to him or to his wife ”. In fact, she presented this letter to the princess on January 25, 1628, because Wallenstein herself was not at home, but during an ecstatic fit which befell her in Gitschin , she heard the Lord's instruction to “leave quickly, because this house would not be worthy of his presence. "Wallenstein joked about the matter:" My Lord, the Emperor, receives all kinds of letters from Rome, Constantinople. Madrid, etc., but I even got out of the sky. ”On December 12th, however, P. saw in a dream“ how Wallenstein was walking in a bloody gown and soon wanted to climb a ladder into the clouds, but after it had broken up onto the clouds Earth fell. Since he was lying outstretched and spitting gray flames from his mouth, but blood, bad luck, poison and the like poured out of his heart, an arrow flew down from the sky with a terrible roar and hit his heart. An angel said: 'This is the day of which the Lord said that he was set as the goal of this villain, in which, if he does not convert, he should perish without all mercy.' ”The“ midnight mail -Reutter ”from 1632 did not mention this vision, but when Wallenstein was actually murdered in Eger in 1634 , one saw her prophecy fulfilled.

These prophecies gained greater attention because the famous Comenius devoted a special interest to their texts and thereby at the same time drew more general attention to them. Comenius reported that he had received sixteen prophecies from visionaries whom he had known personally. The three most important for him were Christoph Kotter , Nikolaus Drabik and Poniatovska. He published the shamrock of her prophecies in Amsterdam in 1657 under the title Lux in tenebris , excerpts in 1659 ("Historia revelationum Christopheri Kotteri, Christinae Poniativiae, Nicolai Drabicii") and most recently in 1665 under the title "Lux e tenebris, novis radiis aucta cet". Comenius became embroiled in various disputes through his defense of these visionaries.

Her father, Julian Poniatovski de Duchnik, was one of the few people around them who did not believe in her prophecies.

Works

  • Divine wonder book. I. Divine revelations and visions of a god-fearing virgin from Bohemia from the state of the Christian churches. II. Prophecies Lamentations and serious admonitions of penance from a pious Christian maiden at Cottbus in NiederLausitz. III. Christian sayings and witty written speeches by a godless young woman in the Princely Fraw room in Stettin in Pomerania. Initially single outlets at now but carried together . 1629. Digitized

literature

  • The midnight Post-Reutter's noble and irreproachable triple passport: in it his variously discarded joyful posts with more than a hundred and twenty, some clocks over three thousand years old, some old several hundred years old, some completely spanned, and almost worldly divine prophecies and miraculous signs in detail be certified and reinforced . Printed in the redeemed Magdeburg. Anno quo 1632. Zurich Central Library digitized (see here No. 78. 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93 and 96)
  • (Johann Amos Comenius) :: Lux in tenebris, hoc est prophetiæ donum quô Deus Ecclesiam Evangelicam, in regno Bohemiæ… . 1657 digitized
  • (Johann Amos Comenius): Historia revelationum Christophori Kotteri, Christinae Poniatoviae, Nicolai Drabicii . 1859 MDZ reader
  • (Johann Amos Comenius): Revelationum divinarum, in usum seculi nostri quibusdam nuper factarum, Epitome. Ad cito, quid sibi praesens terribilis mundi commotio velit pervidendum, indeque serio metum dei concipiendum, et per poenitentiam veram ultimum interitum praeveniendum… .1863. MDZ reader
  • (Johann Amos Comenius): Lux e tenebris, novis radiis aucta. Hoc est. Solemnissimae divinae revelationes, in usum seculi nostri factae. Quibus I. De populi Christiani extrema corruptione lamentabiles querelae instituuntur. Per immissas visiones, et angelica divinaque alloquia, facta I. Christophoro Kottero Silesio, from A. 1616 to 1624. II. Christianae Poniatoviae Bohemae, annis 1627, 1628, 1629. III. Nicolao Drabicio Moravo, from A. 1638-1664. (Amsterdam) 1665. MDZ Reader
  • Eduard Maria Oettinger , Hugo Schramm-Macdonald, Karl August Kesselmeyer: Moniteur des Dates. Biographical-genealogical-historical world register containing the personal files of mankind, ie the home and birth certificates, the marriage act and the date of death of more than 100,000 historical personalities of all times and nations from the creation of the world to the present day, with numerous notes interspersed all branches of curiosity . L. Denicke, Leipzig 1869, p. 130. Digitized
  • Gottfried Arnold : impartial church and heretic history . Thomas Fritsch, Frankfurt a. M. 1700. Digitized and full text in the German text archive (especially see Fig. 0029: 217 to Fig. 0029: 219 = XXII chapter § 15 to 22.)
  • Peniatova (Christna) . In: Continuation and additions to Christian Gottlieb Joecher's general scholarly lexio . 6th volume. Heyse, Bremen 1819, column 595-596. Digitized
  • Hermann Ferdinand von Criegern: Johann Amos Comenius as theologian. A contribution to the Comenius literature . CF Winter, Leipzig & Heidelberg 1881, pp. 68-69. Digitized
  • Gustav Baur :  Poniatovska, Christine . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 408-410.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historia revelationum Christophori Kotteri, Christinae Poniatoviae, Nicolai DrabiciiS , p. 135.
  2. ↑ Also "Julian Pinatov de Duchnik" ( Gelehrten-Lexio , column 595.)
  3. ↑ EW Cröger: history of the ancient Church of the Brethren. Second division. 1557 to 1722 . Gradnau 1866, p. 388. Digitized
  4. ↑ "In the meantime, the father succeeded in getting his daughter a job with a baroness von Engelburg [sic!] At Castle Brann [sic!], Near the source of the Elbe in Bohemia." Erroneous information in Gustav Baur, p. 408
  5. ↑ "Times of persecution are always times of ecstatic conditions, you can see that as in the Camisards at the time after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, so also in the university after the Battle of the White Mountain." (Gustav Baur, p. 408. )
  6. ↑ "arrived in Lissa On 8 February 1828 he moved with his father Cyrillum and Christina Poniatovska together some rooms in the house of old superintendent Gratian." (Hermann Ferdinand of Criegern, p 30)
  7. ↑ Gustav Baur.
  8. ↑ "After she became the mother of 5 children, she died of consumption in 1644." (EW Cröger: Geschichte der alten Brüderkirche , p. 389.)
  9. ↑ "Divine Wonder Book ..."
  10. ↑ Gustav Baur, p. 409.
  11. ↑ ibid.
  12. ↑ ibid
  13. ↑ Scholarly Lexio , column 596.
personal data
SURNAME Poniatovska, Christine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Duchnik, Christina de (maiden name); Vetter, Christine (married name); Poniatowska, Krystyna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish seer
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1610
PLACE OF BIRTH Lessen , East Prussia
DATE OF DEATH December 6, 1644
Place of death Leszno near Poznan