Copper tail

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Copper tail
Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Coquettes (Lophornitini)
Genre : Shiny tail ( Metallura )
Type : Copper tail
Scientific name
Metallura theresiae
Simon , 1902

The copper tail ( Metallura theresiae ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species is endemic to Peru . The IUCN classifies the population as “not at risk” ( least concern ).

features

The copper tail reaches a body length of approx. 11 cm and a weight of approx. 4.8 to 5 g. The male has a medium-sized straight black beak. The olive-bronze-colored top and bottom shows strong copper-red reflections, especially on the head. A narrow throat spot shimmers light green. The top of the tail shimmers violet-blue, the underside gray-violet. The female resembles the male, but the throat patch appears dull and incomplete. The outer control springs have white spots on the underside. Young birds are similar in color to the females.

Behavior and nutrition

Usually they buzz in front of black-mouthed plants like z. B. species of the genus Brachyotum or before heather plants such. B. Species of the genus Macleania . Males set up a food territory.

Vocalizations

Your hunting calls sound like a decreasing series of three to six squeaky tones. This is followed by repeated lively confused trt-tsi-sii-sii-sewm ... trr-tsi-tsew ... trr-tsi-tsew ... phases. The sounds are similar in structure to that of other members of the genus Metallura .

Reproduction

Increased gonadal development was detected in specimens between August and September . A clutch consists of two white eggs. The hatching occurs by the female. The first brood takes place in the second year of life of the animals.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the copper gloss tail

They occur in open clearings with black mouth and heather scrub in damp dwarf and elf forest with moss and ferns. They can also be found on the bordering swampy grasslands. They get their food in the strata from the undergrowth to the treetops. They live at altitudes between 2900 and 3800 meters.

migration

Little is known about migration behavior. Presumably they are resident birds that migrate seasonally at high altitudes.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Metallura theresiae parkeri Graves, GR , 1981 occurs in the Cordillera de Colán in northeastern Peru. In this subspecies the copper-red reflections are missing. She also has a green skull. The tail is sky blue on top and yellowish green on the underside.
  • Metallura theresiae theresiae Simon , 1902 occurs in the northern Andes from the Amazon region to the Huánuco region.

Laticauda rubriginosa Cory , 1913, the type specimen of which was collected east of the village of Balsas by Wilfred Hudson Osgood and Malcolm Playfair Anderson , is now regarded as a synonym for the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

Eugène Louis Simon described the shiny copper tail under the current name Metallura theresiae . The type specimen came from Tayabamba in the Pataz province in the La Libertad region and was collected by Gustave Adolphe Baer (1838-1918). In 1847 John Gould introduced the new genus Metallura . The word Metallura is derived from the Greek words »metallon μεταλλον « for »metal« and »oura ουρά « for »tail«. The specific epithet theresiae is the wife of the collector Marie Thérèse Baer geb. Dedicated to Simon. Parkeri honors Theodore Albert Parker III (1953–1993). Rubriginosa is derived from the Latin »rubiginosus, rubigo, rubiginis, rubeus« for »rusty, rust-colored, rust, reddish«.

literature

  • Martin Heindl, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Coppery Metaltail (Metallura theresiae) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Eugène Louis Simon: Étude sur les Trochilides observes an Perou par GA Baer (1900-1901) . In: Novitates zoologicae: a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum . tape 9 , no. 2 , 1902, pp. 177-183 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Gary Russell Graves: A New Subspecies of Coppery Metaltail (Metallura Theresiae) from Northern Peru . In: The Auk . tape 98 , no. 2 , 1981, p. 382 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 63 kB ]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds . In: Publication Field Museum of Natural History. Publication 167 (=  Ornithological series ). tape 1 , no. 7 , 1913 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae, with the characters of two new Genera and descriptions of three new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 94-196 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Kupferglanzschwänzchen ( Metallura theresiae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Martin Heindl u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ A b Gary Russell Graves, p. 382.
  4. ↑ a b c Eugène Louis Simon, p. 181.
  5. ^ Charles Barney Cory, p. 287.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 252
  7. ^ Eugène Louis Simon, p. 182.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 339.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gould ordered the genus Trochilus cupreocauda a synonym for black metaltail ( Metallura phoebe ( Lesson & Delattre , 1839)), Trochilus aeneocauda a synonym for the shed abdominal Glanzschwänzchen ( Metallura aeneocauda ( Gould , 1846)), Trochilus alardi , actually Ornismya allardi ( Bourcier , 1839) synonymous with Emerald Kehl-Glanzschwänzchen, Trochilus smaragdinicollis synonymous Metallura tyrianthina smaragdinicollis ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838), Trochilus Williami a synonym for the Green Glanzschwänzchen ( Metallura williami ( Delattre & Bourcier , 1846) ) to.