Kurdish media

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kurds in their traditional settlement area and in the diaspora , like other ethnic groups , prefer a media offer in a language that they understand and which reports from their region of origin Kurdistan .

The Kurdish intellectual Abdullah Cevdet Karlıdağ

history

Due to the lack of historical Kurdish statehood, the Kurdish language did not have the opportunity to develop its own rich written culture. Even if works such as the love epic Mem û Zîn by the scholar Ehmedê Xanî may have strengthened the Kurdish awareness of an independent literacy, the Kurdish language was based more on oral traditions. This is also due to the fact that due to the linguistic, territorial and cultural turmoil of the Kurdish people, a uniform Kurdish education system could never arise. This linguistic fragmentation of the Kurdish people also allowed the emergence of different writing systems in the respective countries of origin: While Kurds in Turkey, Syria and Armenia have mainly written in Latin since the development of the Kurmanji alphabet in the 1930s, Kurds use the Iraq and Iran largely use the Sorani alphabet written in Arabic letters . Modern Kurdish-language publications began in the Ottoman Empire , which covered most of the Kurdish settlement area. The first Kurdish-language magazine called "Kurdistan" was published in Cairo in 1898 . In particular, Ottoman Kurdish intellectuals such as the doctor and poet Abdullah Cevdet , the spiritual leader Said Nursi and the writers Süreyya Bedirxan and Celadet Ali Bedirxan endeavored to establish a Kurdish education system. A wish that after the fall of the Ottoman Empire could not be fulfilled in the successor states in the Kurdish settlement area.

The nation states that followed the Ottoman Empire, such as the Arab states of Syria and Iraq or modern Turkey, were not interested in promoting Kurdish culture. On the contrary, the Kurdish language was subject to severe repression in all states. This also explains why exile and the Kurdish diaspora have always played a paramount role in Kurdish publications. In the history of Kurdish publications, it was sometimes only possible to write abroad for decades. For a long time it was not possible for the Kurds in the Turkish Republic to publish publications in their own language. Publications in Kurmanji therefore appeared predominantly in those parts of Europe in which Kurds were represented in the diaspora. Many Kurdish writers who had to leave their homeland because of their work only found the opportunity to write freely during their migration. Some Kurds only learn to use their Kurdish language as a written language in exile (e.g. in Europe).

media

Mass media play an important role in the constitution of a nation . Kurdish nationalist movements have always known how to use this opportunity.

Kurdish media in Turkey

In Turkey, the Kurdish language has only been permitted again in public life since reforms in 1991 . As a result of reforms in the government under the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , important reforms have come into force that have significantly improved the situation of the Kurdish minority in the country. After an initial time limit, television and radio programs can now be broadcast indefinitely in Kurdish . For example, the state broadcaster TRT Kurdî has been broadcasting 24 hours in Kurdish since January 1st , 2009 . Some of the programs also run with Turkish subtitles. The Kurdish language also received state support for the first time on radio with the establishment of the Kurdish-speaking radio station "Türkiyenin Sesi". In 2013, Article 222 of the Turkish Penal Code completely lifted the ban on non-Turkish letters. The article provided for between 2 and 6 months' imprisonment for violating the 1928 Turkish letter law. This law referred in particular to the letters q, w and x, which are present in the Kurdish but not in the Turkish alphabet. Kurdish finally became a state-sponsored language of education in Turkey with the introduction of the Kurdish languages ​​Kurmanji and Zazaki as electives at state schools and universities in 2014.

After the attempted coup in 2016 , many news and press agencies , television channels and radio stations , including Kurdish- speaking media, were banned and disbanded by the Turkish government as part of the measures .

Television channels

The following Kurdish TV stations broadcast from Europe and the Middle East. The term South Kurdistan is used for the southern part of Kurdistan and at the same time for the autonomous region of Kurdistan . Northern Kurdistan refers to the northern part of Kurdistan, which is in Turkey. And East Kurdistan describes the eastern part of Kurdistan, which is located in Iran, whereas West Kurdistan describes the part in Syria.

Station name branch Seat Start of transmission owner Kurdish dialect Part of Kurdistan
Rûdaw news Arbil (Hewler) Rudaw Media Company Sorani et al. Kurmanji South Kurdistan / Northern Iraq (Autonomous Region Kurdistan)
NRT news Sulaimaniyya Nalia Group Sorani et al. Kurmanji
NRT 2 entertainment Sulaimaniyya Nalia Group Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Kurdistan TV Full program Arbil (Hewler) 1999 Regional government of Kurdistan Sorani et al. Kurmanji
KNN news Sulaimaniyya 2008 Wusha Corp. mostly Sorani
Zagros TV Full program Arbil (Hewler) 2007 PUK Arabic
KurdSat Full program Sulaimaniyya 2000 PUK mostly Sorani
KurdSat News news Sulaimaniyya PUK mostly Sorani
Pelistank children Duhok 2012 predominantly Kurmanji
WAAR Full program Duhok 2013 WAAR Media Kurmanji
WAAR sport Sports Duhok 2013 WAAR Media Kurmanji
Jamawar Kurdistan Sorani
Korek music Arbil (Hewler) Korek Telecom Sorani et al. Kurmanji
VIN music Duhok 2007 Vin Group Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Speda religion Arbil (Hewler) Kurmanji
KurdMax Films, series Arbil (Hewler) 2014 Sorani et al. Kurmanji
KurdMax Show Films, series Erbil (Hewler) Sorani et al. Kurmanji
KurdMax Music music Erbil (Hewler) Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Payam religion Sulaimaniyya Kurmanji
GK Sport Sports Sulaimaniyya Sorani
Delal TV Regional program Zaxo Kurmanji
Geli Kurdistan Full program PUK Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Duhok TV Regional program Duhok Kurmanji
Komala Sorani
GK Slemani Regional program Sulaimaniyya Sorani
GemKurd Films, series Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Hawler Regional program Arbil (Hewler) Sorani
Newroz music Sorani et al. Kurmanji East Kurdistan / West Iran
Rojhelat TV Full program Sorani
AsoSat Full program Sorani
KurdChannel Sorani
KMTV music Sorani et al. Kurmanji
Tishk Paris Sorani, Kurmanji, Hawrami and others Persian
Azad Kurmanji
KlikSat Sorani
Ronahî TV Full program Sweden Kurmanji Western Kurdistan / Northern Syria
Rojava Kurmanji
TRT Kurdi Full program Turkey 2009 Turkish state Kurmanji Northern Kurdistan / Southeast Turkey
Dunya TV Kurmanji
Dijle Kurmanji
Denge music Kurmanji
Çira TV religion Germany Kurmanji
Kurd 1 Paris Kurmanji
Strong Kurmanji
Gerilla Kurmanji
Zarok children Kurmanji
Govend music Kurmanji
Batman Regional program Kurmanji
Evin TV music Kurmanji
Roj TV Full program Denmark 2004 Mesopotamia Broadcast A / S Kurmanji
KurdMax Pepûle children Kurmanji
Zaza Zazaki
Med Nuce news Kurmanji
Med Music music Kurmanji

radio

  • Dengê Mezopotamya (is close to the PKK-affiliated television station Roj TV)
  • Vin Radio (radio from VinTV)
  • Kurd FM (independent, broadcasts music in all Kurdish languages)
  • Zagros Radio (radio from Zagros TV)
  • Radio Rojava (Radio from the Kurdish National Congress (KNK))

Newspapers

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Turkey's President and Premier on Inauguration of TRT-6 Channel ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) In: TurkishWeekly.net of January 3, 2009, accessed on March 28, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.turkishweekly.net
  2. ↑ SFH: Turkey: On the current situation (October 2007) for the complete report  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.osar.ch  
  3. ↑ See the report by the newspaper "Radikal" from September 2013. Found on September 9, 2015 at http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/q_w_xin__85_yillik_yasagi_bitiyor-1152737
  4. ↑ See the report of the German Turkish News (DTN) from March 2014 with the title “Minorities are happy: Turkey adopts democracy package”. Found on September 9, 2015 at http://www.deutsch-tuerkische-nachrichten.de/2014/03/499187/minderheit%E2%80%8Ben-freuen-sich-tuerkei-ver Abschie%E2%80%8Bdet-demokratie % E2% 80% 8B package /
  5. ↑ Gareth Jones, Ercan Gürses: Turkey shuts scores of media outlets, sacks generals . In: Al Jazeera , July 28, 2016. 
  6. ↑ Turkish police storm Kurdish newspaper . In: Der Standard , August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2016. 
  7. ↑ Asli Erdogan expresses what others are silent about . In: FAZ .  August 19, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  8. ↑ Allegedly terrorist propaganda Turkey closes another 20 channels. n-tv , September 30, 2016, accessed October 3, 2016 .
  9. ↑ a b c Kurdish institutions | NAVEND - Center for Kurdish Studies. Retrieved on August 4, 2018 .

See also

Web links

Radio station