Langenhagen (Gerswalde)

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Langenhagen was a medieval village between Gerswalde and Herrenstein in the Uckermark district (Brandenburg). The once very large village with 84 hooves fell into desolation as early as the 15th century. The desert church Langenhagen marks the former village location.

location

The center of the deserted village of Langenhagen is marked by the desert church Langenhagen. It is located a little over 1.5 km west-southwest of Gerswalde, which certainly already existed then, a little over three kilometers northwest of the deserted village of Bischofshagen , the center of which is marked by the desert church Berkenlatten , and around 2.5 km southeast of the church ruins in the Middle Ages, the deserted village of Blankensee .

history

The village of Langenhagen was first mentioned in the land book of Emperor Charles IV. It is also the last mention as an intact village. It was created as a clearing settlement in the course of the German East Settlement . The name is to be interpreted as "settlement on the long Hagen". Places with the ending -hagen are clearing places that were created according to the Hagenrecht. The Hagenrecht is a form of free inheritance that was mainly used in the appointment of new settlers. Ein Hagen was an area cleared for clearing by the landlord and separated from the rest of the forest by previous measurements. The clearings or the settlements built on them mostly retained the basic word -hagen, with the addition of a qualifier, either after the locator (e.g. Klaushagen), the landlord (e.g. Bischofshagen, Grafenhagen), a property of the Hagen ( Langenhagen, Breitenhagen), possibly also according to the age or the order (Neuenhagen, Altenhagen) or also desired or advertising names, especially during the colonization period (e.g. Blumenhagen, Rosenhagen). Hagendörfer mostly also had the shape of a street village; the courtyards lay on both sides and the land belonging to them stretched beyond them. In the Altsiedelland the anger of these -hagen-villages was partly embedded, surrounded by a fence and a ditch. This has not yet been documented in the Hagen villages in Neusiedelland. Without archaeological research, it cannot be determined in which direction the village extended.

The village with its four church hooves and the church ruins was definitely a church village. Judging by the number of four church hooves, the village was probably only established after the Brandenburg tithe dispute (1237/38) or at least the parish was endowed with it. The village belonged to the diocese of Cammin .

“Langhenhagen 84 mansi. Quilibet dabit ex antiquo 1 talentum in pactum, nunc autem 10 solidos; precaria dat 7 solidos, 1 modium siliginis, 1 modium ordei, 1 modium avene. Ex biis mansis iacent 4 ad dotem. Ebyl Swanebecke has 6 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Super 1 mansum istorum iacet precaria, videlicet 5 solidi, quos Henricus Musheym tollit. Petyr Collone has 4 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Czander Ghyrswolde has 4 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Ludeke Kratz has 9 mansos ad 2 curias sub cultura. Jaspar Lucstede cum fratre has 4 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Henning de Holtzendorp has 4 mansos liberos ad curia sub cultura. Hennyk Sticke has 6 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Heine Ylow has 3 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Poppen de Holtzendorp has 4 mansos liberos ad curiam sub cultura. Jaspar Lucstede has 4 mansos ad curiam. Mentze Sculte has pactum super 2 mansos. Musheym habet pactum super 2 mansos. Residuum pactum et precariam have famuli supradicti. In hiis mansis sunt 9 in possessione dantes per 10 solidos. Taberna dat 1 talentum pactum et 5 solidos in precariam. In hac villa sunt 52 costenworde, quelibet area dat 1 solidum in censum et 1 pullum. Ex hiis omnibus sunt 22 in possessione, alie iacent desolati. Costenlant has 24 iugera in tribus campis, semper intantum per 24 dantur uno anno et de singulis secundum, quando seminantur. Alii mansi, quodlibet iugerum dabit 9 denarios, et iacent desolati. In hac villa dant pullos fumigales, demptis liberis mansis, per totum. Prope villam iacet 1 stagnum nomine Styder, super quod sunt 10 tractiones legend. Nota: secundo anno 4 mansi facti sunt desolati. "

- Schulze, Landbuch, p. 264.

According to this information, Langenhagen was an exceptionally large village with 84 hooves . The neighboring Gerswalde, referred to in the land register as "oppidum" with its moated castle, had only 55 hooves. From time immemorial, each taxable hoof gave a talent (= 1 pound = 240 Brandenburg pfennigs) in lease, now (= 1375) also 10 shillings. At Bede seven shillings were a per hooves bushels of rye, a bushel of barley and oats a bushel payable. The church or the pastor had four free hooves. Ebyl Swanebeke had six free hooves to his yard. But he had to pay five shillings for a hoof, which Henricus Musheym collected. Petyr Collone had a four-hoofed yard. Czander Ghyrswolde also had a yard with four free hooves. Ludeke Kratz had two yards with nine hooves. Jaspar Lucstede had with his brother one Freihof with four hooves. Henning de Holtzendorp had another tax-exempt Vierhufenhof in the village. Hennyk Sticke had a free yard with six hooves. Heine Ylow built a free yard with three hooves. Poppe de Holtzendorp managed a free farm with four hooves, as did Jaspar Lucstede. Mentze Sculte and (Henricus) Musheym had the lease of two hooves each. The remaining lease and property income was shared by the above-mentioned miners. However, only nine non-tax exempt hooves were occupied at all. They gave ten shillings in lease. The pitcher had to give one talent in lease and five shillings to Bede every year. In the village there were a total of 52 cottages , each of which had to give a shilling in interest and a smoking hen. Of the 52 posts, however, only 22 were filled, the others were desolate. The country had 24 acres in three fields. From this the kossa gave depending on what was sown. The other farms gave nine pfennigs a morning, but these farms were all in desolation. In this village every fireplace had to give a smoke hen, except of course the free hooves. In the vicinity of the village was the Styder Lake (= Stiernsee) with ten yarn trains . Only two years ago four hooves had been destroyed. A total of 52 hooves were exempt from taxes (48 knight hooves, four parish hooves).

In 1472 the village was definitely desolate. That year, the Brandenburg Elector Albrecht Achilles issued a loan letter to von Arnim zu Biesenthal, Gerswalde and Milmersdorf. It also mentions Das veldt czum Langhagen with all rights and irem ackerwerck .

In 1484, the Brandenburg Elector Johann Cicero issued another loan from Arnim, in which the field of Langenhagen is again mentioned. The field at Langenhagen also appears in further mortgage letters for von Arnim up to 1645.

In 1712 the pastor of Gerswalde wrote that the village and church offices of the three desolate villages of Bischofshagen, Langenhagen and Blankensee were still clearly recognizable. The field marks would now be ordered by Vorwerke.

In 1714 there were several years of disputes between von Arnim over the borders of the Langenhagen and Bischofshagen field marks mentioned in the old fiefdoms, which had completely grown together in the Gerswalder Heide.

In 1747 the von Arnim auf Gerswalde signed a contract with the carpenter Weichbrodt for the construction of a house in the “Vorwerk Langenhagen”. The name does not appear later, it was probably about the Vorwerk Neudorf or a new residential building on the Vorwerk Böckenberg, which in 1714 was also once identified with the Feldmark Langenhagen.

Today (or were) the parish parts and places of residence Krohnhorst , Herrenstein , Stiern , Neudorf , Friedenfelde , Achimswalde and possibly also Briesen of the parish of Gerswalde as well as the lost Erdmannswalde are located on the great field mark of the desolate village of Langenhagen .

literature

  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII: Uckermark. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1986 (hereinafter abbreviated to Enders, Historical Ortlexikon für Brandenburg, Uckermark with corresponding page number)
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 264.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Langenhagen desert church (near Herrenstein)
  2. ↑ Horst-Detlef Illemann: Farmers' ownership in the diocese of Hildesheim: a source study with special reference to the basic rule of the former monastery of St. Michael in Hildesheim. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1969, p. 19 ( limited preview on Google Books )
  3. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 9: The place names of the Uckermark. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1000-2 , p. 160.
  4. ↑ Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, Uckermark, p. 566/67.
  5. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XII. Volume, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. 516 p., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 214/15)
  6. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the cities and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XIII. Volume, Fourth Section. The Ukermark. 523 S., Berlin, Reimer 1857 Online at Google Books (p. 416)

annotation

  1. ↑ In the historical local lexicon, only 44 free knight hooves are incorrectly named; a courtyard with four hooves is left out.

Coordinates: 53 ° 10 ′ 5.3 "  N , 13 ° 43 ′ 17.5"  E