Long stall

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Preserved portal facade of the Long Stable 2007

The Long Stable was a riding and parade house in Potsdam , which was built in 1734 under King Friedrich Wilhelm I in half-timbered construction. After the building was destroyed in World War II , only the portal facade, which was blinded in front of the southern gable in 1781 according to plans by Georg Christian Unger on the instructions of King Friedrich II .

Location and dimensions

The 166.50 m long and 21.50 m wide half-timbered building with a steep gable roof stretched north-south between the city ​​canal and Mammonstrasse (today: Werner-Seelenbinder-Strasse). To the east of Long Barn bordered on the grounds of the royal carriage horses stall at the new market , while to the west to the city canal because of the swampy land not buildable open space of the garrison plantation joined.

In contrast to the south gable, the northern end of the city canal in today's Yorckstraße was a two-story half - timbered house built across the ridge direction of the stable , which was integrated into the block perimeter development of the street.

Building history and description

Urban classification

Location of the Long Stable in the city area, plan section around 1850

The property of the Long Stable belonged to the area of ​​the Electoral Freedom , which was planned in the 17th century west of the Potsdam City Palace. This expansion of the city, created under Elector Friedrich Wilhelm , consisted of the two streets of Mammon and Priesterstraße that ran parallel to the north and south of Breite Straße. In the west, the later city canal formed the building boundary.

At the western end of the Electoral Freedom, the first building of the garrison church was built in 1720–1722 , while new houses were built on both sides of the city canal at the same time. The area behind the church, bounded to the north and west by the city canal, remained undeveloped due to the swampy soil in the area of ​​a former arm of the Havel. The place was called a garrison plantation and was used for drill, at the end of the 18th century it was designed as a green area.

To the east of the Long Stable was the rear open space of the Royal Coach Horse Stable, which was used as a tree nursery in the 17th century. The square in front of the south gable on Breite Straße formed the framework for the urban development effect of the garrison church. The layout of the Lange Stall was perpendicular to the Breite Straße and parallel to the horse-drawn carriage on the Neuer Markt, following the axis system prescribed by urban planning in the 17th century.

Side view of the Long Stable from the northwest. In the background the garrison church

Riding and parade house

The actual long stable was built in 1734 under the direction of Pierre de Gayette as an elongated half-timbered building with a pillar -free roof structure designed as a hanging structure. The space spanned in this way was clad with boards on the inside and, due to the bracing of the roof trusses, had beveled corners on the inside, into which the regularly arranged windows on the long sides cut like a stitch cap.

The outer walls were only characterized by simple half-timbering and the small-scale glazed windows with a standing format. The view was dominated by the high, undivided gable roof with its beaver tail covering.

North facade of the assembly house, renovation draft from 1884

Northern head building

At the same time as the parade house, the two-storey northern end building was also built in half-timbered construction. This house served as a Greek Orthodox church for the Russians serving in the Lange Kerls regiment until 1740 , of which Tsar Peter I had sent a fixed number to Prussia since 1718. In return, Frederick William I. Tsar the Amber Room and the richly decorated yacht pomp of his father Frederick I paid.

The sacred use of the house, which did not appear as a church, ended in 1740. According to Manger , the building was “single and desert from 1750 on” . Since the beginning of the 1760s it was used as a venue for the Schuchschen and Wäserschen theater companies. Since Frederick II forbade the theater performances in 1777, "this house became more and more desolate and desolate, the windows were at most nailed up with old boards, but these were occasionally stolen again, so that it acquired a very shameful reputation" .

After the neighboring Brockes'sche Haus had been rebuilt in 1776 with a very representative facade, Friedrich II had the dilapidated half-timbered building demolished in 1785 and a massive three-storey assembly house built according to the plans of Georg Christian Unger, which “became chambers and halls for the local assemblies Garrison “ was established. The facades included seven window axes to the canal and five axes to the plantation to the west. It was structured by colossal Ionic pilasters on the lower two floors on the low rusticated plinth of the basement . The third floor was housed in the high attic above , with rusticated pilaster strips structuring the facade here in the extension of the pilasters . On the attic stood four sandstone figures above the four central templates for the canal, while the other templates for the canal and the plantation were crowned with vases.

The windows on the ground floor were given triangular roofs , those of the floors above were given profiled frames. Apart from the figures, vases and pilaster capitals of the facade decorations consisted of stucco .

South portal facade

At the time of its creation, a simple gable closed off the Long Stable in the south. Since the houses on Breite Strasse had already been renewed under Frederick II since 1748, the old half-timbered building "looked bad there next to the newly built houses and the garrison church" . On the order of the king, Georg Christian Unger therefore drafted a portal facade that was to be placed in front of the existing drill house in 1781.

A first project with an Ionic portico on a low base was never carried out. The implemented design of the five-axis façade is characterized by a high ground floor with a rusticated band as a base and a four-column Tuscan portico . The lateral axes are structured by Tuscan pilasters. The portal facade is crowned by a gable triangle with relief decoration and an attic crowned by figures. The figure of Mars, about three meters high, rises above it on a stepped octagonal substructure . The figures on the left and right above the portico represent Hercules and Minerva , while the rest of the attic decoration consists of trophies . The sandstone statues were created by the brothers Johann Christoph and Michael Christoph Wohler as well as by Johann Melchior Kambly , the stucco reliefs are by Constantin Philipp Georg Sartori .

The inwardly offset rear wall of the portico contains a large, arched, closed window door in the central axis above the entrance gate, as well as relief fields with arms hanging in the lateral axes. To the left and right of the portico there are smaller arched windows with reliefs above the ground level entrances. The parapet of the windows is decorated with the motif of the running dog .

In front of the facade, next to the main entrance, there was a group of statues consisting of two sandstone figures. A single figure was located on the left and right corners of the building. These figures are no longer available today. While the middle gate, closed with a basket arch , provided access to the parade house, the side entrances only led via staircases housed in the portal facade to the attic of the long stable, which was used for storage purposes.

To the east, the perimeter block development of Mammonstrasse adjoined the facade. On the west side, the facade structure with double Tuscan pilasters was repeated around the corner to the open space of the plantation, but behind it the portal ended abruptly in front of the older structure of the parade house, whose half-timbered walls remained visible. After its destruction, the cross-section of the parade house is still clearly visible on the simply plastered north side of the portal facade.

  • Unrealized project, before 1781

  • Realized design, 1781

  • Portal of the Long Stable and Garrison Church, etching from 1813

  • Portal of the Long Stable and Garrison Church, photograph around 1930

Destruction and partial reconstruction

During the air raid on Potsdam on April 14, 1945, the Long Stable caught fire, the large half-timbered building was completely destroyed and the neighboring garrison church, which had been spared by bombs, burned out completely due to the flying sparks.

The remaining facade of the assembly house on the canal was demolished after 1960. The listed portal from 1781 was preserved as a ruin and was restored in 1979/1980.

The property of the Long Stable is to be used for residential development in the future, although there are contradicting views about its design. With new buildings instead of the destroyed assembly house on Yorckstrasse as well as part of the adjoining stable structure and the renovation of Brockes' house , the rebuilding of the areas began, which should be fully available again after the demolition of the data processing center, which is planned for 2018, of the southern part of the property .

Art-historical classification

The buildings erected in Potsdam during the time of Friedrich Wilhelm I initially consisted almost entirely of half-timbered structures for reasons of time and money. The first garrison church, built between 1720–1722, was replaced by a representative solid building during the reign of the “Soldier King”. This tendency continued under Friedrich II, so that the Catholic Church on the area of ​​the rifle factory, which had become obsolete from 1867 onwards due to a new building in another location, and the Long Stable were the last large half-timbered buildings of the 18th century in Potsdam. The mention of the remarkable roof construction of the parade house in Friedrich Nicolai's description of the royal residence city of Potsdam in 1786 and in David Gilly's Handbuch der Landbaukunst 1798 testify to the early admiration for this work.

The pre-blinded portal facade from 1781 fits in with the Palladian- influenced architecture of the time of Frederick II. Model prison appeared next to Palladio's designs also goes back to French models Berlin buildings from around 1700. Especially the risalits the armory gave a pattern for the Potsdamer facade off. The architect Georg Christian Unger had recently demonstrated a very similar design at the Berlin Cadet House.

Franco Stella named the Loggia Valmarana , built in Vicenza in 1556 based on designs by Andrea Palladio , as an immediate model . This attribution was repeated by Jung and, based on it, by Wendland, but is not found in the older literature. It is unlikely that the Loggia Valmarana served as a model for the Potsdam building, because it was only published in 1779 and neither Friedrich II nor his architect Unger Vicenza knew firsthand. The first draft presented by Unger for the portal of the Long Stable with its Ionic order bore little resemblance to Palladio's small park building, while the risalit of the cadet institute in Berlin, which was built from 1776 to 1779, anticipated numerous features of the Potsdam work.

literature

  • Karin Carmen Jung: Potsdam. At the new market. Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-7861-2307-1
  • Heinrich Ludwig Manger: Heinrich Ludewig Manger's building history of Potsdam, especially under the government of King Frederick the Second. Second volume, Berlin and Stettin 1789, reprint Leipzig 1987
  • Christian Wendland: Georg Christian Unger. Master builder of Frederick the Great in Potsdam and Berlin. Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-929748-28-2

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jung 1999, p. 65
  2. ↑ Jung 1999
  3. ^ Friedrich Mielke : Potsdam architecture. Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-549-05668-0 , p. 34
  4. ↑ a b Manger 1789, p. 482
  5. ↑ Manger 1789, p. 445 ff.
  6. ^ Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments. Brandenburg. Munich 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , p. 791
  7. ↑ Wendland 2002, p. 47
  8. ↑ Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung of January 16, 2014 , accessed on June 12, 2014
  9. ↑ Internet presence of the property developer ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 12, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / brockessches-palais.de
  10. ↑ The first floor is still available , accessed on February 11, 2016
  11. ^ Friedrich Nicolai: Description of the royal residence cities Berlin and Potsdam. Berlin 1786, Leipzig 1993, p. 54, ISBN 3-379-01465-6
  12. ^ Hans-Joachim Giersberg , Adelheid Schendel: Potsdamer Veduten. Potsdam-Sanssouci 1982, p. 37
  13. ^ Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments. Brandenburg. Munich 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , p. 791
  14. ↑ a b Wendland 2002, p. 101
  15. ↑ Wendland 2002, p. 124
  16. ^ Franco Stella: Palladio a Potsdam. So Federico II copiava i palazzi vicentini. In: Il Giornale di Vicenza, Vicenza, October 20, 1997
  17. ↑ Jung 1999, p. 133
  18. ^ Friedrich Mielke: Potsdam architecture. Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-549-05668-0
  19. ^ Lionello Puppi: Andrea Palladio. The complete work. Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-421-03253-X , p. 477 f.

Web links

Commons : Langer Stall (Potsdam)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '44.8 "  N , 13 ° 3' 15.6"  E