Dragonflies
Dragonflies | ||||||||||||
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Flat stomach ( Libellula depressa ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Libellulidae | ||||||||||||
Rambur , 1842 |
The libellulidae or short dragonflies (Libellulidae) are a family of dragonflies (Anisoptera). They also belong to the dragonflies (Odonata). With 987 species, the dragonflies form the most species-rich family within the suborder Great Dragonflies (Anisoptera) and represent the second most species-rich family of all families within the order Odonata (dragonflies) worldwide. In Germany there are 22 species, including some very common. As relatively large dragonflies, they are usually very noticeable.
features
The sail dragonflies reach body lengths of three to five centimeters and wingspans that are usually around eight centimeters. The animals usually have a yellow-brown markings, sometimes with blue tires, and are never colored metallic. In some species, such as the flat belly ( Libellula depressa ), the body is short and stocky. The wing triangle is aligned along the body in the fore wing, but perpendicular to the body in the hind wing. Except in the genus Diastatops , the eyes touch on the top of the head. The ovipositor of the females is reduced. The animals catch insects in flight, but are not very persistent fliers; Exception z. B. Wandering dragonfly - Pantala flavescens .
Reproduction and development
In the majority of species, the females lay their eggs without the male accompanying them. The darter of the genus Sympetrum are an exception . In flight, the eggs are released into the water by rocking movements of the abdomen. Some darter eggs lay their eggs on the dry ground near the bank. With these, the development begins the following spring with the spring flooding.
The larval development of the dragonfly usually takes one to two years, with the larvae hibernating once as young and late larvae. The darter have a year-long development and overwinter as an egg.
Systematics
The following overview shows all taxa up to the level of the subfamily , at the species and genus level, however, only the European representatives of the dragonfly are shown. Complete lists can be found in the corresponding subfamily or generic articles.
Dragonflies - Libellulidae
- Subfamily Urothemistinae
- Subfamily Tetrathemistinae
- Subfamily Brachydiplacinae
- Subfamily Leucorrhiniinae
- Genus Moss Maiden - Leucorrhinia
- Nordic moss damsel - Leucorrhinia rubicunda
- Dainty moss damsel - Leucorrhinia caudalis
- Eastern moss damsel - Leucorrhinia albifrons
- Little Moss Maiden - Leucorrhinia dubia
- Great Moss Maiden - Leucorrhinia pectoralis
- Genus Moss Maiden - Leucorrhinia
- Subfamily Libellulinae
- Genus Libellula
- Vierfleck - Libellula quadrimaculata
- Flat belly - Libellula depressa
- Tip spot - Libellula fulva
- Genus Blaupfeile - Orthetrum
- Gelbader blue arrow - Orthetrum nitidinerve
- Large blue arrow - Orthetrum cancellatum
- Small blue arrow - Orthetrum coerulescens
- Long blue arrow - Orthetrum trinacria
- Eastern blue arrow - Orthetrum albistylum
- Cream Stripe Blue Arrow - Orthetrum chrysostigma
- Ramburs blue arrow - Orthetrum ramburi
- Slender blue arrow - Orthetrum sabina
- Southern blue arrow - Orthetrum brunneum
- Dainty blue arrow - Orthetrum taeniolatum
- Genus Libellula
- Subfamily Sympetrinae
- Genus Darter - Sympetrum
- Pale Darter - Sympetrum sinaiticum
- Blood-red darter - Sympetrum sanguineum
- Early darter - Sympetrum fonscolombii
- Banded Darter - Sympetrum pedemontanum
- Spotted Darter - Sympetrum flaveolum
- Common Darter - Sympetrum vulgatum
- Great Darter - Sympetrum striolatum
- Madeira Darter - Sympetrum nigrifemur
- Black Darter - Sympetrum danae
- Southern darter - Sympetrum meridionale
- Marsh Darter - Sympetrum depressiusculum
- Genus Crocothemis
- Fire Dragonfly - Crocothemis erythraea
- Genus Darter - Sympetrum
- Subfamily Trameinae
- Genus Pantala
- Wandering dragonfly - Pantala flavescens
- Genus Pantala
- Subfamily Trithemistinae
- Genus Trithemis
- Purple sun hand - Trithemis annulata
- Rotader solar hand - Trithemis arteriosa
- Black Sun Pointer - Trithemis festiva
- Spotted Sun Hand - Trithemis kirbyi
- Genus Trithemis
- Subfamily Onychothemistinae
- Subfamily Palpopleurinae
- Subfamily Zygonychinae
- Genus Zygonyx
- Waterfall Cruiser - Zygonyx torridus
- Genus Zygonyx
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Martin Schorr, Martin Lindeboom and Dennis Paulson: World Odonata List. ( MS Excel ; 871 kB) January 2011, accessed on January 29, 2011 .
literature
- Heiko Bellmann : Observe dragonflies - determine , Naturbuch Verlag Augsburg, 1993, ISBN 3-89440-107-9
- Gerhard Jurzitza: The Kosmos Dragonfly Guide , Franckh-Kosmos Verlags GmbH & Co., Stuttgart, 2000, ISBN 3-440-08402-7
- J. Silsby: Dragonflies of the world , Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001
- Klaus Sternberg, Rainer Buchwald: Libellen Baden-Württemberg , Volume 2, Großlibellen, Eugen Ulmer Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3514-0
- Garrison, von Ellenrieder , Louton: Dragonfly Genera of the New World [p. 139], The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2006, ISBN 0-8018-8446-2