List of female military personnel disguised as men

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In times and cultures in which warfare was considered a purely male domain , there were always women who pretended to be men and went to war with men under this camouflage.

This group of people includes:

Legends and Lore

Surname Alias Period Military, notes
Epipole , daughter of Trachion of Karystos 1st millennium BC Chr. allegedly Greek army in front of Troy , exposed by Palamedes . Stoning in Ilias handed
Hua Mulan 5th or 6th century allegedly Northern Wei , protagonist of a Chinese ballad
Theodora of Vasta Theodoris 12th century allegedly Byzantine Empire, today's Greece. Tradition about the creation of a place revered as a miracle.

Early modern age

Surname Alias Born Died military service
Catalina de Erauso Francisco de Loyola 1592 1650 Spain; lived for decades as a man unrecognized
Antonio Rodrigues Antonio Rodrigues 1580 Portuguese soldier under Philip II.

17th century

Surname Alias Born Died military service
Barbara Pieters Adriaens Wilhelm Adriaens 1628–1632 Dutch army
Kit Cavanagh Christian Davies 1667 1739 2nd Royal North British Dragoons, called "Mother Ross"
Anne Chamberlyne 1667 1691 Sailor, victorious in the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690
Willemtge Gerrits 1659–1665 Dutch army
Jacoba Jacobs Jacob Jacobs 1665 Dutch Navy
Anna Jans 1653–1655 Dutch army
Maritgen Jans David van Gorkum 1628/29 Dutch Navy
Maria Ursula Lancastro y Abreu Balthazar do Conto Cardoso 1682 1730 Attack on Amboina and capture of the islands of Corjuem and Panelem; Governor and fortress commander
Adriana La Noy 1652–1653 Dutch Navy, sailor
Lisbetta Olsdotter Mats Ersson 1679 Swedish soldier, married a woman
Johanna Pieters 1652–1653 Dutch army
Maria Jacoba de Turenne 1688 Dutch army

18th century

Surname Alias Born Died military service
NN Eel of the Dragoons before 1710
Maria van Antwerp Jan van Ant 1719 1781 Dutch army, cross-dresser, married twice to women
Elisa Bernerström 18th century Finnish War between Sweden and Russia 1808–1809
Renée Bordereau Langevin 1770 1828 France; royalist rebel
Anna Maria Christmann 1697 1761 Württemberg musketeer in the 1st Turkish War
Marie-Angélique Duchemin 1772 1859 42nd Infantry Regiment, Corsica; was officially allowed to wear male uniform, knight of the Legion of Honor
Gertruid van Duiren 1748 Dutch Army
Nadezhda Andreevna Durova Alexander Durov 1783 1866 Russian cavalry; officially promoted to officer as a woman after exposure
Marie-Thérèse Figueur 1774 1861 napoleonic army
Maria van de Gijessen Claes van de Gijessen 1741–1743 Dutch army
Brita Hagberg Petter Hagberg 1756 1825 Served in the Swedish Army in the Russo-Swedish War 1788–1790
Phoebe Hessel 1713 1821 Served as a soldier in the British Army to be with her husband
Johanna Sophia Köttner , also Johanna Sophie Kettner 1721 1802 Hagenbach's infantry regiment of the imperial (Austrian) army ; sergeant
Mary Lacy William Chandler circa 1740 1801 Royal Navy sailor in England. Published memoir ("The Female Shipwright," 1773)
Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière 18th century Haitian Army
Catharina Margaretha Linck Anastasius Lagrantinus Rosenstengel 1687 1721 (executed) Musketeer in the War of the Spanish Succession
Dorothea Maria Lösch - 1730 1799 Sea captain during the Russo-Swedish War 1788–1790. First woman to officially receive the rank of sea captain
Eleonore Prochaska August Renz 1785 1813 Lützow Freikorps
Mary Ralphson 1745 Scottish Army
Margareta Reymers 18th century Served in the Dutch fleet. Blown up by her pregnancy
Carin du Rietz 1766 1788 Soldier or first woman in the royal. Swedish guard. Revealed their true gender to King Gustav III.
Deborah Sampson Gannett Robert Shurtliff Sampson (her late brother) 1760 1827 Continental Army
Francesca Scanagatta Franz Scanagatta 1776 1865 Austria, officer in the Imperial Army
Marie Schellinck 1757 1840 French army (1792–1796)
Hannah Snell James Gray (the name of her brother-in-law) 1723 1792 18th century Worcester
Mary Anne Talbot John Taylor 1778 1808 Sailors and Drummers, Battle of Valenciennes (1793)
Margaret Thompson George Thompson 1781 British Navy
Hannah Witneg Served in the Royal Marine Corps in the 1760s
Joanna Żubr 1770 1852 Duchy of Warsaw

19th century

Surname Alias Born Died military service
Eliza Allen George Mead 1826 Mexican-American War
James Miranda Stuart Barry James Miranda Stuart Barry approx. 1789-1799 1865 born as Margaret Ann Bulkley (transgender); Doctor in the British Army, served in India and Cape Town, Malta, Corfu, Jamaica and Canada. Promoted to "Inspector General"
Mollie Bean American Civil War, picked up and arrested in men's clothing in 1865, participant in the Battle of Gettysburg, made famous through the novel "The Guns of the South" ( Harry Turtledove )
Malinda Blalock Samuel "Sammy" Blalock 1839/42 1901/03 American Civil War
Florena Budwin 1865 American Civil War; first woman to be buried in the Florence National Cemetery for her services
Albert Cashier Albert Cashier 1843 1915 born as Jennie Irene Hodgers ( transgender ), 95th Illinois Infantry under Ulysses S. Grant
Lizzie Compton Jack Compton circa 1847 after 1864 American Civil War, 25th Michigan Infantry
Pauline Cushman 1833 1893 American Civil War, spy in men's clothing, promoted to "Brevet Major"
Jane Dieulafoy 1851 1916 Fought in men's clothing in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 so that he could be with her husband. Later women's rights activist
Sarah Emma Edmonds Franklin Flint Thompson 1841 1898 American Civil War, spy and nurse in the Union Army
Maria Quitéria de Jesus 1792 1853 South American Wars of Independence
Friederike Kruger August Lübeck 1789 1848 Kolberg Infantry Regiment, Prussia
Mária Lebstück Karl 1830 1892 Hungarian freedom fighter and officer
Anna Lühring Eduard Kruse 1796 1866 Lützow Freikorps
Johanna Martens 1838–1839 Dutch army, disguised as a man to be with her husband
Rosalia Montmasson Italy - fighter at the side of Giuseppe Garibaldi
Dorothea Pichelt Theodor Pichelt 1790 1824 Prussian Freikorps Dragoons, 26th Regiment, Nordhausen / Magdeburg
Emilia Plater 1806 1831 Jäger von Wilkomir, Konstanty Parczewsky's corps, captain of the 25th Line Regiment; was officially allowed to wear male uniform
Anna Henryka Pustovoytovna Michał Smok 1843 1881 Fought in Poland under Marian Langiewicz
Mary E. Wise American Civil War
Laura J. Williams Lt. Henry Benford American Civil War on the side of the Confederate Texans, fought in the Battle of Shiloh
Cathay Williams William Cathay 1844 1892 American Civil War, rank of "private"

20th century

Surname Alias Born Died military service
Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova Ivan Ivanov 1894 1915 Disguise was quickly uncovered, service continued in the immediate front medical service
Wanda Gertz Kazimierz Żuchowicz 1896 1958 Second battery of the 1st Artillery Regiment of the 1st Brigade of the Polish Legions
Stephanie Hollenstein Stephan Hollenstein 1886 1944 Austria, First World War
Dorothy Lawrence Denis Smith 1896 1964 World War I, British Infantry; the reporter identified herself as a woman after 10 days
Victoria Savs Victor Savs 1899 1979 Austria, First World War

literature

Pieces that deal with the subject in a literary way include:

Movie

Among the films that deal with the issue include:

literature

  • Nikolaus Reisinger : Women and the military in modern times: Francesca Scanagatta - The military career of a woman in the late 18th century. In: The Eighteenth Century and Austria. (= Yearbook of the Austrian Society for Research in the 18th Century. 16/2001), Vienna 2001, pp. 59–73.

music

  • Ludwig van Beethoven composed incidental music (consisting of a warrior choir, a romance, a melodrama and a funeral march; work without opus 96) for the (lost) play Leonore Prohaska by Friedrich Duncker (1815) in memory of Eleonore Prochaska .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aghia Theodora Church and the Miracle of Vasta ( Memento from July 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ bmlv.gv.at ( Memento from May 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Jessica Amanda Salmonson: The Encyclopedia of Amazons. Paragon House, 1991, ISBN 1-55778-420-5 , p. 270.
  4. ↑ polacyzwyboru.pl