List of coups in Thailand

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This list shows successful and attempted coups and coups that took place in Thailand or in its predecessor state Siam .

list

Until 1932

Until 1932 Siam was an absolute monarchy .

Beginning description success Remarks swell
0Jan. 1, 1688 Siamese revolution of 1688 successfully A serious illness of King Narai was used as an opportunity to put the head of the Elephant Ministry on the throne as King Phetracha in a coup . Narai's chancellor, the Greek Constantine Phaulkon , was executed, the French had to give up their facilities, leaving numerous hostages behind, and all missionary activities were banned.
Jan. 13, 1912 Palace revolt failed Several army officers under the leadership of Khun Thuayhanpitak tried to overthrow the absolute monarchy under King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). Yut Khongyu , the co-conspirator who was randomly drawn to assassinate the king, instead revealed the plan. Three coup plotters were executed and many others were sentenced to long prison terms.
1917 coup attempt failed Canceled.
June 24, 1932 Coup in Siam 1932 (or Siamese Revolution) successfully A circle of officers, intellectuals and bureaucrats called Khana Ratsadon (" People's Party "), supported by some military, overthrew the last absolute monarchy under King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) in an almost non-violent coup and converted it into a constitutional monarchy .

1933 to 1946

Since June 24, 1932, Siam, or its successor Thailand, is a constitutional monarchy .

Beginning description success Remarks swell
0Apr 1, 1933 Government coup successful in the short term The first Prime Minister Phraya Manopakorn Nititada and his cabinet dissolved the National Assembly and partially suspended the four-month-old constitution. This was in response to Pridi Phanomyong's Economic Plan , which proposed radical economic and social reforms. The next day, the government passed a law against communist activities, which was directed against Pridi and his supporters and was intended to exclude them from power. Pridi left the country and went into exile in France. However, numerous influential officers and civilians of the “People's Party” continued to show sympathy for him, and the hoped-for support for Phraya Manopakorn largely failed to materialize.
June 20, 1933 Coup in Siam 1933 successfully Putsch by the younger officers of the “People's Party” under the leadership of Colonel Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena against Prime Minister Phraya Manopakorn Nititada , who closed parliament a year after the constitutional monarchy was established and partially suspended the constitution.
Oct 11, 1933 Boworadet rebellion failed Prince Boworadet , a member of the royal family, failed in an attempt to reverse the effects of the 1932 revolution.
0Aug 3, 1935 Sergeant Rebellion failed This aborted coup attempt was the only coup attempt in Thai history that was carried out by NCOs. The sergeants were dissatisfied with the Phraya Phahon government . They felt that their standard of living and their status were disregarded by the senior officers. Some of the conspirators planned to take Prime Minister Phraya Phahon and Defense Minister Phibunsongkhram hostage, while others wanted to kill senior officers and members of the government. After the failure of the plan, the leader of the insurgents, Sergeant Sawat Mahamad, was sentenced to death.

1946 to 1975

King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) died on June 9, 1946, and Bhumibol Adulyadej was coronated on May 5, 1950 .

Beginning description success Remarks swell
0Nov 8, 1947 Coup in Thailand 1947 successfully The “coup group” around Lieutenant General Phin Choonhavan and Colonel Kat Katsongkhram forced Thawan Thamrongnawasawat to resign. Thawal then had to go into exile in Hong Kong. The coup put an end to a three-year constitutional-democratic phase that was marked by political instability and economic insecurity. Long-term military rule followed again.
0Apr 6, 1948 Coup in April 1948 successfully The "coup group" forced the meanwhile ruling civil prime minister Khuang Aphaiwong of the Democratic Party to resign under threat of violence. Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram returned to the top of the government
0Oct. 1, 1948 General staff coup of 1948 failed A number of Army General Staff members planned to arrest Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram at a birthday party for Sarit Thanarat scheduled for October 1 . Their plan was exposed in advance and about fifty people were arrested.
Feb. 26, 1949 Attempted coup ("Wang Luang" or " Grand Palace Rebellion ") failed Pridi Phanomyong traveled covertly from exile to Thailand and tried to overthrow Phibunsongkhram together with members of the navy and set up a mainly civilian government. The coup plotters captured a radio station and a group of students occupied the Grand Palace . The coup failed, but the planners were able to escape via the Mae Nam Chao Phraya .
June 29, 1951 Manhattan coup failed At a ceremony to hand over the Manhattan , a dredging ship , from the United States to Thailand, a group of young naval officers kidnapped Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram and held him hostage on the flagship Si Ayutthaya. They later captured Naval Headquarters and the Naval Radio Station. The coup failed after 36 hours. During the fighting, police and military killed around 1200 people (mainly civilians) and injured an additional 1800. Phibun was able to free himself from the hands of his kidnappers unharmed and swim ashore.
Nov 29, 1951 1951 silent coup successfully After the unsuccessful attempt at overthrow in June of the same year, the army consolidated its power, reinstated the less democratic constitution of 1932 and forced a change of government. While the young King Bhumibol Adulyadej was in Switzerland, they personally put pressure on Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram. After initial hesitation, he accepted the post of Prime Minister of a Provisional Government.
16 Sep 1957 Coup in Thailand 1957 successfully Sarit Thanarat came to power without bloodshed, forcing Phibunsongkhram into exile, accused of high-handedness, electoral fraud and a lack of respect for the monarchy. Subsequently, a civil interim government under Pote Sarasin was set up and elections were held.
Oct 20, 1958 Coup ( Revolution of Sarit Thanarat ) successfully After the coup in 1957, the military installed a constitutional government and held elections. General Thanom Kittikachorn's government has faced public criticism and resistance. Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat then carried out an authoritarian "revolution". He suspended the constitution and established direct military rule.
Nov 17, 1971 Thanom Kittikachorn put himself in a coup d' etat successfully Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn dissolved parliament, proclaimed martial law and concentrated all power on himself. He justified the coup with the supposed internal decomposition of Thailand and the dangers posed by the communist guerrilla movement .

Since 1976

On October 6, 1976, the massacre took place at Thammasat University . It is considered a decisive event in the history of Thailand.

Beginning description success Remarks swell
0Oct 6, 1976 Military coup successfully After the massacre at Thammasat University , in which at least 46 demonstrating students and democracy activists were killed, the National Administrative Reform Council under Sangad Chaloryu took power on the evening of October 6th . The protests were triggered by the return of exiled military dictators Thanom Kittikachorn and Praphas Charusathien to Thailand in 1973 . Two days later the king appointed judge Thanin Kraivichien as prime minister.
26th Mar 1977 coup attempt failed General Chalard Hiranyasiri , who had been dismissed from service and became a monk, attempted a coup with 300 soldiers from the 9th Army Division. They wanted to overthrow the Prime Minister Thanin Kraivichien , whom they considered incapable . They occupied the headquarters of the Operations Command for Internal Security (ISOC) and shot the commanding general of the First Army Region, Aroon Thawathasin, who opposed the coup. On Radio Thailand, whose station they had also captured, they circulated orders from their "Revolutionary Council" and urged other units to join the rebellion. However, there was no support. Instead, units loyal to the government under Defense Minister Sangad Chaloryu surrounded the building until the rebels gave up. Chalard was then also the only high-ranking officer in Thai history who was sentenced to death and executed as a result of an attempted coup. The remaining conspirators were sentenced to long prison terms.
Oct 20, 1977 Military coup successfully Prime Minister Thanin Kraivichien , preferred by the king, but extremely unpopular with both the population and the military because he ruled strongly ideologically rather than pragmatically, was ousted by the military under the leadership of Admiral Sangad Chaloryu and General Kriangsak Chomanan . Kriangsak then promised the repeal of martial law, freedom of the press and the normalization of relations with neighboring communist states, China and the Soviet Union, in order to reconcile the nation. He also tried to address the poverty problem denounced by the World Bank.
0Apr 1, 1981 Coup attempt of the " Young Turks " (also April Fool's coup ) failed A group of seventh-year graduates from Chulachomklao Military Academy (graduating class 1960) attempted to overthrow General Prem Tinsulanonda 's government. The “Young Turks” who had initially supported Prem were soon disappointed with his governance. They accused him of political weakness and the promotion of incompetent and corrupt officers who were in the palace's favor. However, the king clearly sided with Prem and the coup failed.
0Sep 9 1985 Coup attempt by the Young Turks failed The "Young Turks" tried again to overthrow the Prem government when he was on a state visit to Indonesia. However, the infantry divisions that the putschists had expected did not join and Prem was able to end the coup attempt after his return from Jakarta and 10 hours of negotiations.
Feb 23, 1991 Military coup successfully The so-called National Peace Keeping Council (NPKC) under the leadership of Suchinda Kraprayoon overthrew the government of Chatichai Choonhavan in a violent coup , which they accused of excessive corruption and enrichment. This was followed by mass protests that culminated in Black May 1992 and were crushed by the military.
19 Sep 2006 Deposition of Thaksin Shinawatra successfully While Thaksin was at the United Nations General Assembly in New York City , police and military units led by Sonthi Boonyaratkalin occupied the capital. Thaksin remained in exile and the junta set up a provisional government under Prime Minister and ex-General Surayud Chulanont, drafted a new constitution and had it legitimized by means of a referendum .
May 20, 2014 Political crisis in Thailand 2013/2014 # Army coup successfully After the army declared martial law on May 20 in the wake of the months-long political crisis in the country , General Prayuth Chan-ocha announced on May 22 that the army would take control of the government. The military legitimized and cemented its power in an interim constitution that came into effect on July 22, 2014.


See also

literature

  • Volker Grabowsky : Brief History of Thailand , CH Beck, 2010
  • Paul Handley: The King Never Smiles , Yale University Press, 2006 (English)
  • Martina Peitz: Tiger Leaping of the Elephant , Lit Verlag, 2008

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kenneth Champeon: Thailand Untamed (review by EW Hutchinson "1688 Revolution in Siam"), ThingsAsian.com, May 25, 2001 (English)
  2. ↑ Fessen / Kubitschek, pp. 24–35
  3. ↑ Grabowsky, 2010, p. 55
  4. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The Disenchantment of Asia: Europe and the Asian Realms in the 18th Century , CH Beck, 1998, p. 33
  5. ↑ Peitz, 2008, p. 82
  6. ↑ The Chakri Dynasty  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / lovely-thailand.com  
  7. ^ A b c Nicholas Farrelly: Counting Thailand's Coups , New Mandala, March 8, 2011, ANU College of Asia & the Pacific
  8. ↑ Grabowsky, 2010, p. 152
  9. ↑ Thai Revolution of 1932
  10. ^ Judith A. Stowe: Siam Becomes Thailand. Pp. 42-48.
  11. ↑ a b Robert Patrick Kiener: An analysis of the 1981 unsuccessful Thai coup ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hub.hku.hk archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , University of Hong Kong, 1983 (English)
  12. ^ Wars and Conflicts of Thailand
  13. ↑ Supaluck Suvarnajata: The Thai military coup d'état. Origins, withdrawal / civilian control, and perspectives. Dissertation, Claremont Graduate School, 1992, p. 121.
  14. ↑ Rear Admiral Thawal Thamrongnavaswadhi ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cabinet.thaigov.go.th
  15. ↑ Grabowsky, 2010, p. 168
  16. ^ Daniel Fineman: A Special Relationship. The United States and Military Government in Thailand, 1947-1958. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu 1997, p. 54.
  17. ^ Daniel Fineman: A Special Relationship: The United States and Military Government in Thailand, 1947-1958 University of Hawaii Press, 1997, p. 71 ff.
  18. ↑ Peitz, 2008, p. 204
  19. ↑ Grabowsky, 2010, p. 169
  20. ↑ Kidnapping in Public , Life, Vol. 31, No. 3, July 16, 1951 (English)
  21. ↑ Grabowsky, 2010, p. 169 f.
  22. ↑ en: Silent Coup (Thailand)
  23. ↑ Frank C. Darling: American Policy in Thailand , The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, March 1962, pp. 93–110 (English)
  24. ^ September 1957 Coup , GlobalSecurity.org
  25. ↑ Handley, pp. 136-138
  26. ↑ Peitz, 2008, p. 230f.
  27. ↑ Thak Chaloemtiarana: Thailand: The Politics of Despotic Paternalism , Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2007, pp. 92-98
  28. ↑ Peitz, 2008, p. 271
  29. ↑ Michael Leifer: Dictionary of the Modern Politics of South-East Asia , keyword "Thammasat University Massacre 1976", Taylor & Francis, 1995, p. 163
  30. ↑ Puey Ungphakorn : Violence and the Military Coup in Thailand , Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 9, No. 3, July – September 1977, pp. 4–12
  31. ↑ Loyal troops crush rebellion. In: Nicholas Grossman (Ed.) Chronicle of Thailand. Headline News Since 1946. Editions Didier Millet, 2009, p. 216.
  32. ↑ Handley, 2006, p. 267
  33. ^ Michael Leifer: Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia . London: Routledge 1996. ISBN 0-415-13821-3 . Article: Young Turks (Thailand)
  34. ↑ Handley, 2006, p. 281
  35. ↑ Gabriele Venzky: attempted coup in Thailand: coup by the Colonels , TIME, 10 April 1981
  36. ↑ Handley, 2006, p. 310
  37. ↑ Daniel Arghiros: Democracy, Development and Decentralization in Provincial Thailand. Curzon Press, 2001, p. 173.
  38. ↑ Thai King endorses gene. Surayud Chulanont, a former Army Chief for interim Premiership. In: Asian Tribune. October 2, 2006, accessed April 17, 2012 .
  39. ^ Coup in Bangkok. In: n-tv . September 19, 2006, accessed April 17, 2012 .
  40. ^ Army chief announces coup in Thailand