List of listed ensembles in Regensburg
The monuments of the Bavarian community of Regensburg are compiled on this page . This table is a partial list of the list of architectural monuments in Bavaria . The basis is the Bavarian Monument List , which was first drawn up on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973 and has since been managed by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The following information does not replace the legally binding information from the monument protection authority.
Ensembles in Regensburg
According to the published PDF list of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection, there are several ensembles in Regensburg. This is a coherent grouping of monuments and areas that are under monument protection in their spatial context and are also perceived as such.
Ensembles in the inner city
Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
E-3-62-000-1
As a medieval city, Regensburg has European status. The cityscape survived the Second World War almost unscathed and has an exceptionally rich inventory of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. Due to the historical density as well as the monumental appearance, the entire old town structure on both sides of the stone bridge can be recognized as an ensemble framed by the medieval city wall and experienced as a medieval city shape.
The starting point for the urban development were the Roman legionary camp " Castra Regina " with an area of 540 × 450 meters and the "Canabae" (civil settlement), whose relics above ground ( Porta Praetoria and Roman wall at the Dachauplatz ) and underground (excavation in Niedermünster ) in a haunting manner earlier evidence of urban culture north of the Alps. A Roman military camp as the nucleus for a medieval ducal, bishopric and merchant town is exemplary in terms of both history and urban development.
In the city plan, not only the Roman basis, but also the early Bavarian period can be read: the Agilolfingisch-Carolingian Palatinate area is of the greatest importance in regional history. It includes today's Old Corn Market , surrounded by the buildings of the Alter Kapelle , Herzogshof , Römerturm , St. Ulrich , Dom , Stift Niedermünster and the Carmelite Church of St. Josef . At St. Emmeram , one of the most important Bavarian monasteries, whose church was the immediate successor to a late Roman Cömiterialkirche St. Georg, a second area of the Palatinate was created under Arnulf of Carinthia . The expansion of the city and the walling around the merchant city in the early 10th century only represent this period in southeast Germany. Regensburg becomes the capital of the East Franconian Empire , later the royal seat of the Baier duchy, protected by the Arnulfini city wall, which was completed around 920 . Evidence of this can be found in the bishops' courts of the seven Baier dioceses as well as in numerous monasteries and counts. Comparable in this respect are Pavia and Aachen in the 8th / 9th Century or Paris and London in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century.
The shape of the city is mainly shaped by churches and town houses, which often received their basic shape as early as the 12th and 13th centuries. The cathedral, collegiate churches, the monasteries of the mendicant orders and the patrician castles, which are unique in this density, shape the city silhouette with their towers . Three areas stand out: The area of the legionary camp, which in turn is divided into the "pagus cleri", the area of the bishop, and the "pagus regi", the area of the secular rulers. The south-eastern part of this area was slowly rebuilt after the destruction during the Napoleonic battle near Regensburg in 1809 and is today particularly burdened by city functions due to its location between the center and the train station.
The second area, to the west of it, is the “pagus mercatorum” with the towers and gabled houses of the commercial patriciate as a particularly valuable secular architecture. The third area in the east and west is the two suburbs with their craft streets. In addition, the two Danube islands Oberer Wöhrd and Unterer Wöhrd , connected to the city by the Stone Bridge and the Iron Bridge and equipped with fishermen's and boatmen's houses from the 17th and 18th centuries. Furthermore, the bridgehead Stadtamhof with the 13th century hospital and Marktstrasse after its reconstruction in 1809. Here in Stadtamhof the late medieval core of this suburb north of the Danube is still clearly visible.
The course of the medieval fortifications of the 13th / 14th centuries Century with the remains of the city wall and some wall and gate towers, the moat, which can only be seen in a few places, and the Fürst-Anselm-Allee , which was built in place of the outer works and bastions, still marks the expansion of the medieval city, which barely extended into the 19th century has changed. The cityscape is occasionally disturbed by new buildings, but this does not significantly reduce the value of the ensemble. The legibility of the city limits, the street network structured on a Roman basis in the early Middle Ages and the buildings with churches and houses still intact in some quarters and streets make the Regensburg cityscape appear as a closed monument. Particularly impressive is the view of the old town of the Winzerer ups and the Trinity Mountains in the north, from the south Ziegetsberg, Prüfening the west and Reinhausen in the northeast.
Further ensembles in the inner city
E-3-62-000-6
Ensemble Reichsstrasse
Regensburg, which had largely lost its former importance in the first half of the 19th century due to political circumstances, only slowly regained its economic basis as a trading city when it was connected to the European rail network in 1873. At the same time, construction activity, which had stagnated up to that point, increased again, the medieval city area became too small, the result was breakthroughs in the city walls and filling of the moats: in 1868 the breakthrough at Klarenanger and thus access to the train station, in 1889 the breakthrough at the new grammar school and the final one Filling of the eastern city moat.
In this eastern area, bounded by the old trade routes of Straubinger and Landshuter Strasse, the first coherent development belt of Regensburg outside the medieval city center was built around 1870 on the basis of a chessboard-like floor plan. The center and backbone of this urban expansion was the Reichsstraße as an extension of the breakthrough at the New Gymnasium. By aligning this street with the cathedral towers, the new district was also visually linked to the old town center. The street names (Sedan and Weißenburgstrasse) were made, as with similar city extensions in Munich and Chemnitz, in memory of the war that had just been won with the names of battles in France. With the erection of public buildings in the outskirts, an attempt was made to upgrade the new quarter with monumental buildings; Thus, one after the other, the district dumb and dormouse on Landshuter Strasse (1881), the New Royal Garrison Hospital on Greflinger Strasse (1889), the New Royal High School (1893/94), the parish church of St. Cäcilia (1899/1901) and the richly structured building were built the State Insurance Institute (1901).
Since Regensburg was spared from a strongly growing industrialization in the second half of the 19th century and there was no influx of workers, the residential development of this quarter could take place in the so-called open pavilion system. The two- to three-storey villa-like buildings are surrounded by parks and border the street with a fenced-in front garden. The rich Wilhelminian style facades , mostly in neo-renaissance and neo-baroque forms, as well as some buildings from the Art Nouveau period are an expression of the growing prosperity of the upper middle class of the city of Regensburg, who settled in this new district. After the turn of the century, the quarter was updated, and construction activity shifted to the southwest in the area of Landshuter-, Luitpold- and Hemauer Straße. In 1936 the new Ostenviertel experienced a turning point with the construction of the Nibelungen Bridge and the resulting four-lane expansion of Weißenburgstrasse, which was not originally intended to be as sharp as it was originally intended.
E-3-62-000-5
Prinz-Rupprecht-Strasse
The small settlement in the street district of Prinz-Rupprecht-Strasse, Reiterstrasse, Damaschkeweg and Rosenweg is the most homogeneous part of a large-scale settlement that formerly extended to Landshuter Strasse. Just a few months after the Reich Ordinance on the Procurement of Settlement Land of January 29, 1919, the city of Regensburg designated an area southeast of the former cavalry barracks as building land, which was largely built on by 1925. Even the naming of one of the newly laid streets after Adolf Damaschke , the leading land reformer of the time around the turn of the century, shows the great social importance of what was probably the first social housing estate in the Upper Palatinate. The efforts of the architect Emanuel von Seidl, who was leading in the Heimatstil movement, to get a building contract, which he did not receive, also shows the importance attached to this project at the time. Several companies acted as property developers, including the housing cooperative “Eigen Scholle” and the newly established “Building cooperative of the Reich Association of War Victims and Survivors”, each of which was responsible for a section of the settlement. The square between Prinz-Rupprecht-Straße and Rosenweg was in the care of Stadtbau GmbH. In 1923/24 she had two basic types of residential buildings built here as a plan maker and developer. These buildings are among the most important examples for dealing with the housing problem in Regensburg after the First World War .
This part of the settlement built by Stadtbau GmbH extends within a square of streets. A double, three-storey row of tenement houses, which is rhythmized by staircases protruding like a risk, determines the appearance on Prinz-Rupprecht-Strasse. Two-storey hipped roof buildings connect to the sides , which lead to the free-standing, two-storey apartment buildings that frame the square on the three remaining streets. The courtyard is parceled out and used to serve the tenants to supply fruit and vegetables. Parts of the gardens were subsequently built on.
E-3-62-000-7
Wittelsbacherstrasse
Around 1860 , a series of villas were built to the southwest in front of the old town, from the Jakobstor to the south, the front side of which refers to the course of Fürst-Anselm-Allee and thus to the green belt along the former course of the city wall.
E-3-62-000-4
Upper rain road
The straight, consistent row development accompanies the left, eastern bank of the Regen River . It consists of small houses with gable ends, some of which were replaced in the 19th century and some of which were added to a second storey. The change between gables and half-hipped roofs and the view across the river to Regensburg's old town with the cathedral towers give the ensemble a special character.
Ensembles in the outer city
Ganghofer estate ensemble
E-3-62-000-8
Today's Ganghofer settlement was essentially built from 1936 to 1939 and was known as the "Göring-Heim settlement" until the end of the Second World War. As part of the rearmament operated by the Nazi regime, a branch of the "Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG Augsburg" was founded in 1935 west of the city center of Regensburg , which a little later operated independently as "Messerschmitt Regensburg GmbH" . Even during the construction phase of this plant, the construction of a separate settlement away from the plant was planned and started to provide housing for a few hundred skilled workers and employees, some of whom were ordered to Regensburg with their families. The organizational preparation and supervision were the responsibility of the settlement company "Bayerische Heimstätten GmbH", while the Messerschmitt-Werke themselves were largely responsible for the financing. The overall design was developed until the end of 1936 under city planning officer Albert Kerler from the city expansion department of the city building office; The municipal garden authority was involved in the planning of green spaces.
The construction program, which envisaged the creation of a total of 1,140 apartments in two steps, was implemented in more than two thirds: In 1936/37, 608 apartments in 152 owner-occupied homes with separate apartments and 76 four-family houses were built in an initial “construction project”. From a second construction phase, which had the aim of building over 500 more apartments, 248 apartments in 20 four-family and 21 eight-family houses could be built in 1939. 17 war-damaged homes from the 1st construction phase were restored in the 1950s according to a slightly modified type house plan. The part of the originally planned settlement complex which was planned to be even more extensive extends extensively on the slope of the "Ziegetsberg" above Kumpfmühl . The slight height graduation from north to south that exists within the terrain was used for the urban structuring, but also to create views of the old town and cathedral towers. The Augsburger Strasse, which was already given as an arterial road to the south-west, was supplemented on both sides by roughly parallel streets (today Von-Richthofen-Strasse and Roseggerstrasse); farther east, today's Theodor-Storm- and Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse, two corresponding axes were created for longitudinal access. The cross-connections parallel to the slope were designed as pure residential streets, each with slight bends.
The use of two basic types of houses is characteristic of the conception and of the current appearance of the settlement; on the one hand the free-standing single house with granny flat, which is oriented as a ground floor gable building towards the street and lined up in an even sequence, on the other hand the two-storey four-family house, which stands individually as an eaves gable roof building within a row or is pulled together to form a group of eight to twelve apartments. The common characteristic of both house types, with all the variants in the details, is an accentuated sobriety and severity, through which the cubature of the building is particularly emphasized. Since the “Siedlung Göring-Heim” was intended for the “more valuable parts” of the workforce, the rental units of the small apartment type with approx. 51 m² and the large apartment type with approx. 63 m² were significantly above the norm of those preferred at the time People's apartments or small settlements. The settlement's program also included supply facilities and community buildings, which were intended to accentuate and functionally supplement the residential development at corner or intersection points that are prominent in urban planning. The five “commercial buildings” already envisaged in the overall design from 1936 can still be seen today in their placement, some of them also in the existing building itself. In this sense, the inn (Wilhelm-Raabe-Straße 1), which was only built in 1950–52, proves to be a continuation of the original building concept. The school in the northeast of the settlement area (Brentanostraße 13), which is a stand-alone building that stands out from the rest of the residential development, was also part of the overall project presented in 1936, but could not be built until 1939-41 due to the restrictions of the war economy.
Apart from the recently built residential complex including a shopping center at the entrance to Boelckestrasse and other massive renovation work on many houses, in particular the structural changes on the southern edge area (Karl-Stieler-Strasse), the settlement was almost unchanged until around 2010, while it is currently , 2015, the old condition is still fully recognizable despite the changes. The individual buildings mostly still correspond to the condition of the construction time, right down to the extension details. Since there has hardly been any structural densification within the entire settlement area since then, the spatial and areal interrelationships have also remained tangible. The pleasing garden city-like image of the Ganghofer settlement must not hide the conditions in which it was built: Issued as an element of social welfare in the ideology of the Nazi system, the construction of such settlements was intended to encourage the employees to bond with each other and to their work, but above all to promote a An instrument to control and discipline them. This background is also documented in a significant way with the Ganghofer settlement.
From 1945 to 1949, after the lost Second World War, the Ganghof settlement was requisitioned by the American occupation forces as a temporary center for accommodating and preparing the repatriation of thousands of “displaced persons” from Ukraine. See also UNRRA and refugee policy (Germany) .
Ensemble in Regensburg-Niederwinzer
E-3-62-000-3
Niederwinzer town center
The ensemble comprises the core of the Niederwinzer district, the former Hofmark and later the Winzer ad Donau community, which was incorporated into Regensburg in 1904. It extends on a narrow strip between the left bank and the slope of the Danube, the so-called Winzerer Heights.
Winzer has been continuously settled since the 7th century, as evidenced by donations to the diocese of Salzburg and the Regensburg monastery of Sankt Emmeram . In 1314 the dukes Rudolf and Ludwig freed the Niederwinzer festivals and thus created the basis for a small Hofmark that existed until the beginning of the 19th century . The relocation of the old Nuremberg – Regensburg trade route by Niederwinzer in 1486 and the exposed geographical location at the gates of the free imperial city of Regensburg had a defining effect on the townscape. The in 18./19. Jh resulting houses. Lined up along the road slope hand, usually the eaves side (Nürnbergerstraße 232, 234, 236, 238, 240 with a common eaves and closed frontage), towards the Danube gable continuously , except only the former. Brewing and Malting (Nürnbergerstraße 249 / / 253), which, as the most stately property in town, formerly had its own face facing the Danube. Terracing on the ridge and cellars on the slope side indicate the former economic basis of the village, viticulture. Winegrower, who was called “ad vineas”, later “vuinzara” in Roman times, was a pure wine village throughout the Middle Ages up to the Baroque era.
Ensemble in Regensburg-Reinhausen
E-3-62-000-2
Arberstrasse housing estate
The construction of the workers' housing estate in Reinhausen began shortly after the Reich decree of January 29, 1919 for the procurement of settlement land and was primarily intended to alleviate the housing shortage of socially disadvantaged families with many children in Reinhausen. Reinhausen, until its incorporation into Regensburg in 1924, the largest village in the Upper Palatinate, had, in addition to its convenient location, above all the possibility of unhindered expansion.
A “non-profit building cooperative for small settlements and Kriegerheimstätten eGmbH Stadtamhof and the surrounding area” was established in 1919 as the sponsor of the residential complex, which was later called the “non-profit building cooperative Stadtamhof und Umgebung eG”. The St. Katharinen Hospital Administration sold building land at a reduced price; Carl Winkler was commissioned as planning and executing architect.
The first construction phase was completed in 1919 on Alte Waldmünchener Strasse (demolished in 1969/70 for new buildings), and completion took several construction phases until 1930. With the establishment of a public house with grocery store in 1924 in today's Arberstraße 15 and the construction of a consumer and butcher shop in 1926 at the Old Forest Münchener Straße 47-51, the infrastructure of the instructed on self-care residents has been improved. The sprawling settlement is defined by two-storey, sparingly historicizing rows of rental houses in a closed construction, which are grouped around green and planted courtyards as well as around streets that are expanded like a square. Detached multi-family houses in the southwest suggest variable planning of the residential complex. With a three-storey, gable-end residential building as a gate in the east of the settlement, the relatively closed character of the settlement is underlined to this day. Characteristic for this settlement architecture is the deliberate contrast of baroque hipped roof buildings with pilaster strips and accentuated entrance portals, monastery-like rows of houses with tail gables , elements of the Heimatstil in addition to elements of the " new building ", e.g. B. Corner windows to give the appearance of something that has grown historically.
Remarks
- ↑ This list may not correspond to the current status of the official list of monuments. The latter can be viewed on the Internet as a PDF using the link given under web links and is also mapped in the Bavarian Monument Atlas . Even these representations, although they are updated daily by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , do not always and everywhere reflect the current status. Therefore, the presence or absence of an object in this list or in the Bavarian Monument Atlas does not guarantee that it is currently a registered monument or not. The Bavarian List of Monuments is also an information directory. The property of a monument - and thus the legal protection - is defined in Art. 1 of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG) and does not depend on the mapping in the Monument Atlas and the entry in the Bavarian Monument List. Objects that are not listed in the Bavarian Monument List can also be monuments if they meet the criteria according to Art. 1 BayDSchG. Early involvement of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation according to Art. 6 BayDSchG is therefore necessary in all projects.
literature
- Sixtus Lampl : Upper Palatinate . Ed .: Michael Petzet , Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (= Monuments in Bavaria . Volume III ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-486-52394-5 .
- Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel, Andreas Tillmann, Angelika Wellnhofer: City of Regensburg (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume III.37 ). Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-927529-92-3 .
Web links
- List of monuments for R – S (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
- Bavarian Monument Atlas (cartographic representation of the Bavarian architectural and ground monuments by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (BLfD) )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Striving for Dignity , American documentary about the closed UNRRA Center 595 of the Ganghofer settlement, made in 1947 (archive of the Ukrainian Museum in New York, USA; discovered and published in 2015 by Walter Koshaben, Regensburg)
- ↑ A small Ukraine in Regensburg . In: Slavic traces (Ed .: Europaeum. Ost-West-Zentrum der Universität Regensburg). 2014. pp. 19–29.