Loesel's rocket

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Loesel's rocket
Loesel's rocket (Sisymbrium loeselii)

Loesel's rocket ( Sisymbrium loeselii )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Sisymbrieae
Genre : Rocket ( sisymbrium )
Type : Loesel's rocket
Scientific name
Sisymbrium loeselii
L.

Sisymbrium loeselii ( Sisymbrium loeselii ) is a plant of the genus rauks ( Sisymbrium ) and belongs to the family of Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). It is widespread in the continental areas of the temperate latitudes of Europe, West and Central Asia and a neophyte in Central Europe .

description

illustration
Stems and leaves
The uppermost area of ​​an umbrella-shaped inflorescence with four-fold flowers, the pistil with the two-lobed stigma is clearly recognizable .
Umbrella-like inflorescence from above
Pods

Appearance and foliage leaf

Loesel's rocket grows as a one (winter annual) to biennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 35 to 120 (20 to 175) centimeters. It forms a thin tap root . The upright stem is branched at the top. Especially in the lower part it is densely hairy with recurved trichomes , in the upper part mostly bald.

The hairy leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and alternately distributed on the stem. The 1 to 4 (rarely up to 5) centimeters long stalked basal leaves have an inverted-lanceolate leaf blade with a length of 2.5 to 8 (1.5 to 12) centimeters and a width of 2 to 5 (1 to 7) centimeters, which is shot-saw-shaped to lyre-shaped-pinnate, with one to four whole-edged or toothed sections on each side of the midrib and a large, triangular, often spear-shaped end section. With a width of up to 1.5 centimeters, the uppermost stem leaves, which are stalked only briefly to barely discernible, are much smaller than the basal leaves and have a smooth or serrated leaf margin.

Inflorescence / infructescence

Depending on the location, the flowering period extends from May to September or even to the beginning of November. The first schirmtraubige later by stretching the inflorescence axis traubige inflorescence has 50 to 100 flowers during fruit ripening of the fruit stand is then up to 30 (rarely up to 40) centimeters long.

blossom

The hermaphroditic, four-fold flowers have a diameter of 6 to 8 millimeters. The four ascending sepals are elongated with a length of 3 to 4 millimeters and a width of 1 to 1.5 millimeters. The four yellow petals are 6 to 8 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide, spatulate with a nail that is 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters long and almost the same length as the sepals. The six stamens consist of a 3 to 4.5 millimeter long, upright, yellowish stamen and a 0.6 to 1.5 millimeter long, elongated to egg-shaped anthers. The unobtrusive, compact pen is 0.3 to 0.7 millimeters long and ends in a clear two-lobed stigma . Each ovary contains 40 to 60 ovules .

Fruit and seeds

The fruits ripen between June and October. The spreading protruding or ascending, (0.5 to) 0.8 to 1.2 (to 1.5) centimeter long, narrow fruit stalks are thinner than the fruits. The young fruits do not tower above the flowers. The curved or straight pods are narrowly linear with a length of 2 to 3.5 (1.5 to 5) centimeters and a diameter of 0.9 to 1.1 millimeters and more or less pedicel-round. The two almost membranous valves have three nerves and are often bald. The septum is translucent. The (15 to) mostly 25 to 30 ripe seeds stand out as a weak pearl-string-like pattern on the flaps. The brown seeds are 0.7 to 1 millimeters in length and 0.5 to 0.6 millimeters in diameter, oblong-ellipsoidal with a somewhat papillary surface.

Chromosome number

Loesel's rocket is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 14.

Occurrence

Loesel's rocket is widespread in the continental areas of the temperate latitudes of Europe , West and Central Asia. The following natural homeland areas are specified: Eastern Austria , the former Czechoslovakia , Hungary , the former Yugoslavia , Romania , Bulgaria , northern Greece , Belarus , Ukraine , Russia , Turkey , Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Iraq , Iran , Afghanistan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , the Chinese Xinjiang , the Indian subcontinent and three localities in northern Saudi Arabia .

It is naturalized in climatically appropriate areas of North America . In Central Europe, natural occurrences in Hungary, in the Bohemian Elbe region and in the Vienna Basin are suspected. From its natural range, Sisymbrium loeselii has expanded its range to Central Europe since the 17th century . Today it is widespread or common in eastern Central Europe, otherwise it is scattered or rarely found.

It often settles socially in gappy weed corridors , on rubble and rubbish spots, on walls, on paths and dams, on nutrient-rich soils. As a pioneer plant , it prefers light and summer warmth. In Central Europe it is a characteristic of the Sisymbrion Association , which includes annual ruderal societies in a moderately warm climate. Specifically, it is a character species of the Sisymbrietum loeselii, but also occurs in the Hordeetum murini.

Systematics

The first publication of Sisymbrium loeselii was in 1755 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet loeselii honors the German doctor and botanist Johannes Loesel (1607–1655), who found this immigrant species in 1654 in Danzig . Synonyms for Sisymbrium loeselii L. are: Crucifera loeselii (L.) EHLKrause , Erysimum loeselii (L.) Rupr. , Erysimum loeselii Farw. , Hesperis loeselii (L.) Kuntze , Leptocarpaea loeselii (L.) DC. , Nasturtium loeselium (L.) Krause , Norta loeselii (L.) Rydb. , Sisymbrium decipiens Bunge , Sisymbrium glabratum Stapf ex OESchulz , Sisymbrium loeselii var. Brevicarpum C.H.An , Sisymbrium turcomanicum Litv. , Turritis loeselii (L.) R.Br.

swell

  • Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, John F. Gaskin: Brassicaceae . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 , Sisymbrium loeselii , p. 669 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
  • Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae . In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , Sisymbrium loeselii , p. 178 (English, online ). (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri: Flora of West Pakistan . 55: Brassicaceae . Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (et al.), Rawalpindi 1973, Sisymbrium loeselii , p. 251 ( online ).
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  475 .
  3. ^ Anthony George Miller, Thomas A. Cope (ed.): Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. Volume 1, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1996, ISBN 0-7486-0475-8 , pp. 443, 564 limited preview in the Google book search.
  4. ^ Sisymbrium loeselii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ a b Wolfram Schultze Motel (Ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd revised and expanded edition. Volume IV. Part 1: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (Berberidaceae - Resedaceae) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-489-63920-0 , p. 101–103 (reprint of the 2nd edition from 1963 with supplements).
  6. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 10. Cruciferae (Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9108-09-2 , p. 18.
  7. ↑ Loesel's rocket. In: FloraWeb.de.
  8. ↑ Carl von Linné: Centuria I. Plantarum . Upsala 1755, p. 18 (PDF file; 8.5 MB). ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu
  9. ↑ Sisymbrium loeselii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Loesels Rauke ( Sisymbrium loeselii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files