Lukaskirche (Frankfurt am Main)
| Lukas Church | |
|---|---|
 Gartenstrasse / Otto-Hahn-Platz, Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen |
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| Data | |
| place | Frankfurt am Main , Hesse |
| builder | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Leonhardt |
| Construction year | 1912/13; new: 1953 |
| height | 41 m |
| Floor space | approx. 400 m² |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 6 '5.3 " N , 8 ° 40' 35" E |
| particularities | |
| Rieger organ 1998/99; Felger altar relief 1986; Dreher-Richels glass window 1953/56; Memory of Steinhausen painting 1913-18 and Nazi victim Georg Kalischer († 1938) | |
The Lukaskirche is a Protestant church in Frankfurt am Main , in the Sachsenhausen district .
Location and use
The Lukaskirche in Frankfurt, Gartenstrasse 67, is used by the Evangelical Maria Magdalena Congregation, which belongs to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . The church room on the 1st floor is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and there are community rooms on the ground floor. A day care center is attached to the church. The church area can be reached with the tram lines 15 and 16 (Otto-Hahn-Platz, formerly Holbeinplatz) and the U-Bahn 1,2,3 ( Schweizer Platz ).
Building history
Established in 1912 and destroyed in 1944
In the course of the expansion of the city of Frankfurt at the beginning of the 20th century, a new, affluent parish was created in 1903 with the newly developed, coveted residential area under the direction of Professor Dr. med. D. theol. Moritz Schmidt-Metzler and senior Karl Teichmann (born January 3, 1837 - August 11, 1906), who pushed ahead with the construction of a new church, but neither of them lived to see it. In 1906 Schmidt-Metzler brought the Elberfeld pastor Wilhelm Busch into the Lukas community, which grew rapidly under his charismatic leadership. After a year and a half of construction, the St. Luke Church was inaugurated on October 12, 1913 by Pastor Busch - in the presence of Mathilde Friederike Schmidt-Metzler , whose brothers Carl and Albert von Metzler donated church equipment. The plan for an Art Nouveau church with a rectangular floor plan came from the young Frankfurt architect Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Leonhardt (* August 24, 1881; † May 16, 1918), who opposed 64 other designs in the tender of the city synod , including that of the parish favorite central building design counted, enforce it. For the interior (970 seats, 12 m high, 17.50 m wide, 22 m long), the Frankfurt patron Rose Livingston donated the most expensive painting of a Protestant church in the 20th century. From 1913/18 to 1944, the interior walls of the Lukaskirche were almost completely decorated with 21, mostly large-format paintings by the artist Wilhelm Steinhausen . This led to their monument protection and earned the church the nickname "Frankfurter Bilderkersch". Since the apostle Luke is both the patron saint of painters and is said to have been a doctor and the Frankfurt University Clinic is located in the municipality, the name of the church fit perfectly.
The glass windows were created in 1913 by the Frankfurt glass painters Rudolf and Otto Linnemann .
The electro-pneumatic Walcker organ was equipped with 65 sounding registers and a remote control that carried the sound over the wooden ceiling from the east to the west wall. The then largest organ in Frankfurt exerted a special attraction on Albert Schweitzer , who played there often and gave a concert in the summer of 1928.
Four of the five bronze bells obtained (again) from donations after 1922 were confiscated in 1942 and, as in the First World War , melted down for war purposes. During the Second World War , on March 22, 1944, the church was largely destroyed by fire bombs during the air raids on Frankfurt am Main . With regard to the protection of the 20 Steinhausen oil paintings, it was decided as early as 1939 with the necessary cooperation of the Städtische Galerie - and then continued to be confirmed - to leave them all in the church, which meant that their destruction in the event of war was predetermined. Both donor and painters were, although Christians in the NS - racial ideology as Jews classified, so the painting was classified as not worthy of protection.
Reconstruction in 1953
For seven years the church was in ruins, and from 1948 an emergency church could be used within the walls. It was rebuilt in a different room layout in 1951/53 and rededicated in 1953, on the day of the Apostle Luke , October 18. The bells melted down during the war were replaced by four new ones, made of cast steel, which, with the remaining bronze bell, are tonally matched to the chimes of the neighboring St. Bonifatius Church. The old mechanical clockwork (still present but out of order) was motorized. Community rooms were set up on the ground floor and the 10 m high church hall on the first floor. There were added four glass mosaic windows on the south wall, made in 1953/56 by Derix (1953 Derix-Kaiserswerth ; 1956 Derix-Wiesbaden ) based on designs by Gisela Dreher-Richels (two from 1953) and Gerhard Dreher (all four windows). The new, second organ was not placed on the east, but on the west gallery. The east choir was provided with a weekday chapel.
Rebuilt in 1980
In the course of ecumenical contacts, the congregation decided to celebrate the Lord's Supper every Sunday and to expand the church to include the chapel, which was previously separated from it by a wall. The resulting spacious chancel was consecrated in 1980 and refurbished by Andreas Felger in 1983/86.
Refurbishment 2001/07
After a parquet floor could be laid in the church in 2001 , the interior renovation had to wait until 2006 and was carried out in the course of the renovation of the community rooms on the ground floor. The new wall, ceiling and wood colors were derived from the glass windows, the column colors from the altar relief. The original conception of Wilhelm Steinhausen was also remembered: red and blue tones as symbols for grace and penance - the glass windows therefore showed the repentance story told in them on the south side of penance .
Building decorations, bells, organ and works of art
Building decoration
The building decoration from 1912/13 was largely spared from the church fire in 1944: the portal allegories Faith and Love , designed by Georg Eck , who made two of the four monumental evangelist figures on the tower - the other two are by Peter Bauer - and the Art Nouveau - evangelist symbols on the four wings of the outer doors.
The third set of bells
Twice the bells of the Lukaskirche, cast by the Rincker in Sinn company , were melted down for war purposes and replaced by new ones each time in peacetime, with one church bell remaining.
| Surname | volume | Transcription | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resurrection bell | c | I am the resurrection and the life ( Jn 11.25 EU ) | 1,870 kg |
| Peace bell | d | He is our peace ( Eph 2.14 EU ) | 1,280 kg |
| Pastor Wilhelm Busch bell | f | Remember your teachers ( Heb 13.7 EU ) | 750 kg |
| New confirmation bell | G | See, I preach great joy to you ( Lk 2.10 EU ) | 520 kg |
| Confirmation Bell (1922) | a | - | ? |
The third organ (Rieger / Bregenz)
The first two organs of the Lukaskirche (1912 and 1953) were made by the Walcker company. After the second organ in sequence had already served its purpose after 45 years (material wear), the meanwhile third organ was built by the Rieger company in 1998/99 , equipped with 24 registers , divided into two manuals (main and swell mechanism) and a pedal ( II / 24) installed. This time, great emphasis was placed on durable materials, high-quality craftsmanship and a handsome prospectus whose larch and cherry wood harmonize with the colors of the glass windows. The organ is completely mechanical except for the electric fan and is considered a prime example of modern organ construction.
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Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Kalischer lead glass window
Dr. Georg Kalischer (born June 5, 1873 in Berlin, † December 1, 1938) died of the consequences of his imprisonment in the Buchenwald concentration camp and was buried under strict secrecy, but with the help of Pastor Otto Haas, in the Frankfurt Südfriedhof. In gratitude for this, his wife Marie Kalischer, née Krause, a Gothic window picture depicting the Apostle John , which was dedicated in 1953, restored and built into the window of the sacristy (→ Derix company ). The name Kalischer is derived, following one version, from Latin calix , in German: chalice, which can be seen in the picture.
Kalischer was a director in the IG Farben group from 1921 to 1934 . and was retired early as part of the Aryan policy that had been in place since 1933 . During the November pogroms in 1938 he was arrested and transported to the Buchenwald concentration camp . Released from prison on November 27, 1938, he succumbed to the abuse he suffered in Buchenwald concentration camp and died three days after his return. The funeral on December 5, 1938 took place under the supervision of the Gestapo. Neither the announcement of the celebration nor the participation of the company, the parish and other mourners were permitted. The window is a form of vicarious remembrance for Christians of Jewish descent who were persecuted during the Nazi era and whose fates are still largely unexplored.
Glass window 1953/56
Instead of the destroyed painting, the windows of the south wall were provided with motifs that illustrate the story of the so-called prodigal son ( Lk 15.11-32 EU ). The designs come from Gisela Dreher-Richels and Gerhard Dreher .
The verses Luke 15: 29-32 EU , which are part of the story, were not included in the window.
Altar relief 1986
From 1983 Andreas Felger designed the altar, pulpit, baptismal font, antependia , Easter candle holder (2010) and a wooden relief for the east wall in the chancel , which he completed in 1986. The relief illustrates important festivals of Christianity through the use of symbols, which can (also) be traced back to Luke's accounts : The Christmas festival Luke 2.12 EU (crib), Good Friday Luke 23.33 EU (cross), Easter Luke 24 EU ( Colors white and gold) as well as Ascension Lk 24.50-51 EU (mountain), whereby the local history is included: the past under the rule of the National Socialists , the entanglement in superstition and alcoholism (Sachsenhausen as a district of Frankfurt breweries) as well as the Hope of the communion of the Lord's Supper , which reflects on Rev 22: 13-17 EU , and whose beginnings Luke describes in his book of Acts ( Pentecost ).
literature
- Volker Mahnkopp: Wilhelm Steinhausen. A landscape painter on the wrong track. Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-8364-2296-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frankfurter Neue Presse , November 2, 2014: How the Lukaskirche came into being ( Memento from December 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Information on the Rieger organ on the parish website ( memento from January 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), viewed March 20, 2011.
- ↑ Richard Fleischhauer: Art. Kalischer, Georg. New German Biography, Vol. 11, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 60.
- ↑ Doris Stickler: No room for “racially Jewish” Christians. Evangelisches Frankfurt 33 (2009), No. 1, p. 5.