Luther Gulick (medic)

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Luther Halsey Gulick

Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. (born December 4, 1865 in Honolulu , Hawaii, † August 13, 1918 in Casco , Maine at the age of 52 years and 252 days) was an American doctor , health teacher , sports hygienist and promoter. In 1891, he commissioned James Naismith to invent the basketball game and closely followed the early development of the game.

biography

Gulick was the son of Congregational missionaries and the fifth of seven children. Until he was sixteen he lived in Hawaii, Spain, Italy and Japan. From 1880 he attended Oberlin College in Ohio for two years , then Hanover High School in Hanover, New Hampshire, before returning to Oberlin College to study physical education . After a year he dropped out of school due to illness and moved to the Sargent School for Physical Education in Cambridge, Massachusetts before graduating from City College of New York with a degree in medicine in 1889 .

As a student, Gulick was director of physical education at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) and joined the International YMCA Training School in Springfield (Massachusetts) , which at that time was still called the School for Christian Workers , as head of the gymnastics department.

The YMCA was originally intended to serve as a contact point for young men who moved to the metropolises in the course of industrialization after the civil war , but soon placed great emphasis on physical exercise in order to counteract an alleged or actual softening of society. At the same time, in the age of progress ( Progressive Era , approx. 1890–1920), employees were less and less active in their professional life, so that the general need for sporting leisure activities increased. The YMCA therefore relied on physical fitness in order to fully defend a symmetry of mind, body and soul, which was symbolically reflected in the triangular YMCA emblem created by Gulick.

The still new topic fascinated Gulick and he became a pioneer of this new movement . He put his main focus on gaming instinct and leisure activities, which was also the topic of discussion in the psychology seminar he led. In this, in the winter of 1891, he focused on the stimulation of a new winter sport that possessed the energetics of the summer sports of football , lacrosse or baseball , but avoided the monotony of the gymnastic winter sports. Out of an intellectual game of ideas and an exchange of blows, Gulick's commission to his student James Naismith, which was not taken very seriously, resulted in the implementation of the discussed considerations.

That new winter sport became basketball, which thanks to the students of the YMCA school instantly spread across the world to the churches and missions of their new posts as secretaries and community boards. After Naismith's departure, Gulick remained in Springfield as the international executive director of the YMCA's physical fitness division. Between 1903 and 1906 he served as president of the American Physical Education Association (APEA), of which he was managing director as early as 1892 and 1893 under the name American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAAPE). From 1895 he was both chairman of the basketball committee of the Amateur Athletic Union and a board member of the Basketball Rules Organization.

The new century began Gulick in 1900 as the headmaster of a vocational school in Brooklyn until he was named the first physical education director for city schools in 1903. In this capacity he founded the Public School Athletic League of New York City , which still exists today. Two years later he also set up a branch for girls, for whose direction he selected Elizabeth Burchenal, with whom he would found the American Folk Dance Society eleven years later . His expertise had meanwhile been so recognized that it took him to St. Louis as a consultant to the World Exhibition and the Olympic Games and, appointed by the US National Olympic Committee , he traveled to Athens and London in 1906 and 1908 as a United States Olympic Committee member.

Even in the last years of his life, he never tired of teaching, teaching, researching and promoting. In addition to the authorship of reference works on physical education and hygiene , Gulick co-founded the Playground Association of America in 1906, the forerunner of the National Recreation and Park Association , which he served as president until 1910, and of the American Folk Dance Society in 1916. After his work on the Boy Organizing Committee He founded Scouts of America together with his wife in 1910, the Camp Fire Girls, which were regarded as the female counterpart of the Boy Scouts. In contrast to other representatives of muscular Christianity , Gulick refrained from attacking femininity, which he regarded as a source of strength. Shortly before his death, he traveled to France in 1918 to interview soldiers on morality, sexual hygiene and physical well-being as a chairman of a YMCA committee on the subject.

In 1959, Luther Gulick was posthumously inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a promoter of basketball .

family

Gulick had six children and was married to Charlotte Emily Vetter , who was a co-founder of the Camp Fire Girls organization.

His older sister, Sarah Frances Gulick Jewett , also wrote books on hygiene and public health.

His daughter Frances Jewett Gulick , named after his sister in 1891, worked for the YWCA during World War I and received an Honorable Mention from the United States Army for her bravery in a bombing raid in France in 1918 .

In 1892, a year after the death of father Luther Halsey Gulick Sr. , Gulick's older brother Sidney Gulick also named his newborn son and Gulick's nephew. Luther Gulick became a well-known political scientist and expert on US administration issues . Uncle and nephew share the honor of sponsoring a park on Delancey Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan. $ 2.5 million has been allocated to renovate the park through 2018. Due to the withdrawal of a contractor, the completion is unfortunately delayed by at least two more years. The handball fields mentioned in the development plan are of course American handball courts.

See also

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The organization has so far operated under eight names: founded in 1885 as the Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAPE), in 1886 in the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAAPE) and in 1903, the first year of Gulick's three-year presidency, in the American Physical Education Association (APEA). It was only after Gulick's death in 1937 that it was renamed the American Association for Health and Physical Education (AAHPE), 1938 the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER), and 1974 the American Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD ) and 1979 in American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD). The organization has been called the Society of Health and Physical Educators since 2014 and works under the catchphrase SHAPE America.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Douglas Stark: Wartime Basketball. The Emergence of a National Sport during World War II. Lincoln / London 2016: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4528-0 (page 3f, in English).
  2. ^ Clifford Putney: Luther Gulick: His Contributions to Springfield College, the YMCA, and "Muscular Christianity". In: Historical Journal of Massachusetts. Vol. 39 (1 & 2), Summer 2011. Institute for Massachusetts Studies, Westfield State University; quoted from: Westfield State University website; Westfield, MA, Summer 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2017. (English)
  3. ^ Robert A. Reilly: Luther Gulick and the YMCA Training School Curriculum 1887-1903. Ohio State University, 1977; quoted from: Library.la84.org website. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  4. ↑ Miriam Roth, Jonathan Tilden, Sam Stout, Ian Bussan: For the Boys Over There. The 1918 United War Work Campaign. From: United War Work — Website, July 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  5. ↑ Jane Shimon: Introduction to Teaching Physical Education. Cloth. NN, 2011. ISBN 978-0-7360-8645-5 , cited from: Human Kinetics Web site. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  6. ↑ Douglas Stark: Wartime Basketball. The Emergence of a National Sport during World War II. Lincoln / London 2016: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4528-0 (page 17, in English).
  7. ^ NN: A Brief History of the Midwest District. On: SHAPE America website; Reston, VA, undated. Retrieved September 29, 2018 (in English).
  8. ^ NN: Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Entry On: Hoophall website; Springfield, MA 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2018 (in English).
  9. ^ Robert M. Malina: Overview. In: Sharon Shields, Elizabeth Gilbert: School Sports. Role in Student's Social and Emotional Development. quoted from: State University website. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  10. ^ J. Thomas Jable: Interscholastic Athletics. From: Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society — Website, 2004. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  11. ^ Saket Raman Tiwari, Chhote Lal Rathor, Yogesh Kumar Singh: History of Physical Education. New Delhi 2008: A P H Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0041-1 (page 236, in English).
  12. ^ John Lucas: The Great Gathering of Sport Scientists: The 1904 St. Louis Olympic Games Exposition Fair Physical Education Lectures. In: Journal of Olympic History. Jan. 12, 2004, quoted in International Society of Olympic History — Web site. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  13. ↑ Thomas Winter: Luther Halsey Gulick. Recreation, Physical Education and the YMCA. From: The Encyclopedia of Informal Education — YMCA-George Williams College Web site, 2004. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  14. ^ Ruth V. Russell: Leadership in recreation. Urbana, IL 2012: Sagamore Publishing. 4th edition. ISBN 978-1-57167-679-5 (page 6f, in English).
  15. ^ NN: Leaving Their Stamp on History. ( Memento of October 8, 2016 on the Internet Archive ) Archived from National Women's History Museum website; Alexandria, VA, undated. Retrieved April 29, 2019 (in English).
  16. ↑ Joe Frost: Evolution of American Playgrounds. On: Scholarpedia website , November 20, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  17. ^ Ann James: The Conceptual Development of Recreational Therapy. In: Perspectives in Recreational Therapy: Issues of a Dynamic Profession. Edited in 1998 by F. Brasile, T. Skalko, J. Burlingame, quoted from: Idyll Arbor, Inc. — Website, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  18. ↑ NN: Dr. Luther Gulick, Educator, Is Dead. In: The New York Times , August 14, 1918, quoted from Friends of Gulick Park website. Retrieved April 18, 2017 (in English).
  19. ^ NN: Camp Fire Girls. In: Dictionary of American History. 2003, quoted from: Encyclopedia — Website. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  20. ^ NN: Sarah Frances Gulick Jewett (1854–1937). On: Oberlin website. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  21. ↑ Miriam Roth, Jonathan Tilden, Sam Stout, Ian Bussan: For the Boys Over There. The 1918 United War Work Campaign. On: United War Work website, July 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  22. ^ NN: Luther Gulick Park. On: Official Website of the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
  23. ^ NN: Luther Gulick Park gets $ 2.5m in state grants. On: Strauss Media website; January 21, 2014 in the corrected version of February 17, 2015. Accessed on May 19, 2017 (in English).
  24. ^ NN: Luther Gulick Playground is at Least Another 2 Years from Rehabilitation. On: Bowery Boogie website; New York, NY August 23, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018 (in English).
  25. ^ NN: The New Design. From: Friends of Gulick Park website, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017 (in English).
personal data
SURNAME Gulick, Luther
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gulick, Luther Halsey (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American health teacher, physician, sports hygienist and promoter
DATE OF BIRTH 4th December 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Honolulu , Hawaii
DATE OF DEATH August 13, 1918
Place of death Casco (Maine)