Mills in Taufers
| Mills in Taufers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Molini di Tures | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Trentino-South Tyrol | ||
| province | South Tyrol (BZ) | ||
| local community | Sand in Taufers | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 54 ' N , 11 ° 57' E | ||
| patron |
Catherine of Alexandria and St. Florian |
||
| Church day |
November 25th (Katharina) May 4th (Florian) |
||
| Telephone code | 0474 | CAP | 39032 |
| Website | Official website | ||
Mühlen in Taufers ( Italian Molini di Tures ) is a fraction of the market town of Sand in Taufers in the Tauferer Tal in South Tyrol ( Italy ). Mühlen is located at the exit of the Mühlwalder Valley at 862 m and has almost 1,500 inhabitants. The faction was an independent municipality until fascism , belonged to the judicial district of Taufers and was part of the Bruneck district .
history
The area of Mühlen in Taufers was settled early, as evidenced by finds from the late Bronze Age in the so-called “Matzlmüllerfeld” in the early 1970s.
In the Middle Ages, there were several grain mills in the village, on the Wiere (an artificially created canal) and on the Mühlwalder Bach (hence the name mills).
In 1293, Kunz von Mühlen ( “Concius de Mule” ) was a member of the knightly team of the noble free von Taufers for the first time.
In Mühlen there are still two old mansions , on the one hand the presumably Gothic Zehenterhof (formerly a collection point for the great Tauferer Tenth , now an agricultural business of the Oberhollenzer family) and on the other hand the Grießmairhof, whose function fluctuated greatly between the different eras and which also very often the Ownership changed, for example: before 1146 from a knightly "Ader" (presumably crossbow manufacturer) to the bishopric of Brixen ; 1294 from the lords (noble free) of Taufers as a fief to the lords of Wirsung (noble family from Mühlen, service vassals of the von Taufers); Mentioned in 1607 as a property of Johann Griesmayr; Numerous changes of ownership followed, with the farm at times being run by two families at the same time or a tavern in it; In 1896 it finally came into the possession of the Plaikner family (today Knapp), who still run cattle here today. There are also numerous old farmhouses in Mühlen. Also worth mentioning are the two adjacent village inns Ober- and Unterkohlgrube (in the former Unterkohlgrube is still served under the name "Gasthaus Kohlgrube" or "Goller") as well as the inns and today's hotels "Mühlener Hof" ("Gasthaus zum Hasen ") and" Egitz ".
The parish church of Mühlen consists of a Romanesque-Gothic part (1309), the Katharinakirche, and a Gothic part, the Florianikirche, which was added in the 16th century. It is therefore a double church with two different patron saints.
During the Austro-Hungarian period , Mühlen in Taufers was a separate municipality. Thanks to the initiative of the industrial pioneer Josef Beikircher , who was born here in 1850 , Mühlen experienced a commercial boom. This development was interrupted by the First World War, the resulting affiliation of South Tyrol to Italy after 1919 and fascism . Mühlen was no longer a separate municipality, but was merged with Sand in Taufers, Kematen, Ahornach and Rein in 1926. After the Second World War, the South Tyrol issue became an international issue. When an ENEL plant was built on the edge of the village at the beginning of the sixties, for which the land was expropriated from the farmers and the large high-voltage line and the plant itself were brought very close to the houses, some people from Mühlen felt this as an intolerable attack, including the " Puschtra " Buibm "Siegfried Steger (Unterkohlgrube), Heinrich Oberlechner (family then tenants of a part of the house near Grießmair), Josef Forer (Oberluckner) and their Luttacher colleague Heinrich Oberleiter, who blew up the Carabinieri-Caserne in Sand, a power pole and a pressure pipeline. They fled from the Italian judiciary to Austria, where they built new lives. As there has not yet been a pardon, they are not allowed to return to South Tyrol.
The so-called Rienzgraben (in the vernacular "Rienz" or "Gisse"), a large Murbruch above the village, which repeatedly overflowed the northeastern part of the village from Mühlen, is closely connected to the village. Today the danger is strongly contained by numerous protective structures. The Rienzgraben has no connection with the main Pustertal river, the Rienz .
To the northwest of the village the Mühlwalderbach flows through the Mühlenklamm. The place is considered to be very mythical due to numerous "Antrische holes" (artificial caves, presumably test galleries for mining), the "idols" and the alleged pagan sacrifices in Roman times and is surrounded by many legends and sagas.
economy
The commercial and industrial development of the Tauferer Ahrntal began in mills (bell foundry, turbine construction, sawmill, locksmith's shop, etc.). Many farmers had their grain mills next to the Wiere, an artificial discharge. There were rye , wheat , barley and carob ground.
An important pioneer of the early industrial boom was Josef Beikircher (1850–1925), who dedicated himself to the manufacture of the loden fabric , from 1888 built the Tauferer Bahn and as early as 1893 he was one of the first in Tyrol to generate electricity in his Mühlen small power station.
Today, hydropower is used almost exclusively to generate electrical energy; There are at least six private, small power plants along the Wiere, while a large power plant operated by SE-Hydropower (including) with an adjacent Enel substation is located on the western outskirts of Mühlen, which is operated with water from the Mühlwalder reservoir.
The well-known Brunico loden and cloth factory Mössmer began in Mühlen under Josef Beikircher.
Events
Overview:
| name of the event | Day / s | place |
|---|---|---|
| Pentecost | Pentecost weekend | Fairground |
| Farmers and crafts market | different (several days in summer) | Village center |
| Church day | Saturday – Monday (3rd weekend in September) | Fairground |
| Kothreine Morscht (market and festival day in honor of St. Catherine) | on the Saturday after November 25th (Katharina) | Village center |
Pentecost
The Whitsun festival has a long tradition in Mühlen. It is celebrated every year on the weekend of Pentecost (Saturday and Sunday) on the fairground in Mühlen. Folk and pop music is played for entertainment and there has been a mobile playground and a bouncy castle for the younger guests for several years.
Farmers and crafts market
The farmers market has only existed for a few years. Here you can buy fresh products from local farmers. For the children, animals that are kept in mills are exhibited in a petting zoo. The farmers' and craftsmen's market was introduced primarily for tourist reasons and is held on different days (mostly three times a year) in summer at Benjaminplatz.
Church day
The "Millina Kishta" is the local parish fair . The "Kischtabam" or "Kischtamichlbam" ( Kirchtagsmichl ) is always a fresh, 30–45 meter high spruce, at the top of which hangs a life-size straw doll in traditional costume. It is still set up in the traditional way on "Kishtasonnsta" (church day Saturday) by the Mühlen men, called "Kishtamando" or "Michlmando". In addition, many children and young people also set up a tree. On "Kishtasunnta", the church Sunday, you can have lunch on the fairground, celebrate and in the evening take part in the raffle, where you can win the church tree or other prizes. At the "Kishtamonta" there is a festive end to the evening by letting the Michl tree around. Folk and pop music is played for entertainment throughout the festival. History: The kirchta has a very long tradition in Mühlen. Until the second half of the 20th century, the fire brigade headquarters celebrated, but then a new festival area was created in Josef-Beikircher-Allee, as there was no longer enough space. Almost the whole village is involved in the Mühlen Kirchtag, whether as a "Michlmando" when setting up the tree, as a voluntary service, in the organization, in preparing or tidying up etc.
Kothreine rotten
On the feast and prayer day in honor of St. Catherine (village patroness), the "Kothreine Morscht" is held in Mühlen. It stretches from the Bar zur Linde over Benjaminplatz, next to the Widum it then divides, one branch goes to the Gasthof Kohlgrube ("Golla") and the other to the "Rössstoll", a restaurant that only opens on this one day is open in the year.
Agriculture
Agriculture has always played a very important role in the Tauferer-Ahrntal valley, thanks to the extensive, very fertile Tauferer soil. Mühlen used to be almost exclusively a farming village. The farmers had their flour mills on the Wiere, an artificial river that was branched off from the Mühlwalder Bach. The breeding of plants and animals was very diverse, the farmers were mostly self-sufficient. Today there are only a few farmed farms in the village center, most of them are outside. The fields resulting from the abandonment of agriculture are cultivated by other farmers, the agricultural buildings have been partially demolished, leased or are empty. Today, grassland and fodder cultivation for livestock farming are predominant, but grain, potatoes and beets are also still grown. Most of the farm animals are cattle, but some farmers also keep other animals such as chickens, goats and sheep. The farmers are external suppliers.
Some farms that are still in use are (sorted by location):
| Farm name | Source of income / s | location |
|---|---|---|
| "Semolina farm" | Cattle farming | Outside, southwest of the village center |
| "Sibrahof" | Cattle farming | near the Grießmoahof |
| "Weißgarbahof" | Vegetable growing, maize feed, holiday apartments | near the Grießmoa- and Sibrahof |
| "Zehenterhof" | Cattle farming | Near the village center |
| "Auerhof" | Cattle farming | Outside, east of the village center |
| "Huibahof" | Cattle farming (goats) | near the Auerhof |
| "Becknhof" | Cattle farming | Northeast of the village center |
| "Egitzhof" | Vegetable growing | Between mills and the parish - resettled |
| "Mairhofer" | Cattle farming (chickens) | next to the Egitzhof - resettled |
| "Spanglerhof" | Butcher's shop | next to the Egitzhof - resettled |
| Some farms on the Schattenberg (Inner- and Aussergisser, Schattner, Schweingrasser, Ober- and Unterköllechn, Grüner) | Cattle farming | between mills and mill forest |
The cohesion between the farmers is great and is based on mutual help and service. Some abandoned farms: Mössmer (or Gasser, formerly Mesnerhaus), Heacha, Kugler, Neunfingerer (or Plattenhaus), Ober- and Unterkohlgrube, Matzelmüller, Hernschneida, Maler, Franzlweber, Stockweber, Müller, Ober- and Unterluckner, Schuster.
Personalities
- Josef Beikircher , industrialist
- Heinrich Forer , auxiliary bishop
- Veronika Mittermair , historian
- Josef Mutschlechner , clergyman
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ingemar Gräber: The gorge at Mühlen in Taufers. In: Der Schlern 87, no. 9, pp. 77–84.
- ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 121, No. 104-201 .
- ↑ On his class quality Martin Bitschnau : Burg und Adel in Tirol between 1050 and 1350. Basics for their research (meeting reports ÖAW, 403). Vienna 1983, pp. 375-376, no. 426.
literature
- Ivo Ingram Beikircher: Josef Beikircher (1850–1925). A man from the founding years in Tyrol . Studienverlag, Innsbruck et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7065-4602-7 .
- Ivo Ingram Beikircher: Tyrolean car pioneers. Haymon Verlag, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-85218-740-2 .
