Allerheiligen Monastery (Switzerland)

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Münster Allerheiligen, west side with vestibule

The Allerheiligen monastery or Salvator monastery in Schaffhausen was a Benedictine abbey and was founded by Eberhard VI. Donated by Nellenburg in 1049. Today the minster is an Evangelical Reformed parish church.

history

Reconstruction of the burial place of the Nellenburger in the minster
In the middle Count Eberhard († 1078/79) as founder and donor of the monastery with the church model in his arms, north his wife, Countess Ita († after 1100), founder of the double monastery St. Agnes, and south of her son Burkhard († 1101/02) with a tree or stalk with a ball of roots (festuca) in his hands, which symbolizes the donation.
Allerheiligen Minster, north side with nave, transept and tower
Inside the lobby
Cloister

On November 22, 1049 Pope Leo IX consecrated . the building site between the city and the Rhine, including an altar . In 1064 the construction of the Nellenburg monastery Ita and Eberhard von Nellenburg was completed under the direction of the builder and court chaplain Luitpald. It was consecrated to the Salvator (Latin for 'Savior'), the Holy Cross, Mary, the Mother of God, and all saints. This first abbey was modeled on sacred buildings from Cluniac Burgundy .

In the investiture dispute , the raging dispute between the church and secular power over the right to appoint clergy between 1075 and 1122, Count Burkhard III, loyal to the Pope, renounced. von Nellenburg, the son and heir of Eberhard, 1080 on all his rights. The monastery was directly subordinate to the Pope and received the considerable property of the family, the free election of abbots and the market and minting rights of the city of Schaffhausen. The abbots thus became the new lords of Schaffhausen.

From 1090, today's cathedral was built over the existing foundations and consisted of only three naves and a transept. Construction began in the choir and was completed in 1095. Today the cathedral is considered the largest Romanesque sacred building in Switzerland .

Together with Hirsau and St. Blasien Monastery, the monastery was one of the major reform monasteries of the Cluniac reform of the Holy Roman Empire .

In February 1120, Konrad von Zähringen , the brother of Duke Berthold III, attacked. (Zähringen) the monastery and devastated the area, although Abbot Adalbert and the inhabitants of the place had given him.

A donation (1117) was made near Lipporn on the Middle Rhine by the progenitor of the House of Nassau, Count Dudo von Laurenburg . It led to the construction of the Benedictine Abbey Schönau (Strüth) (approx. 1126–1145). As a double monastery, it became known through Saint Elisabeth von Schönau , who corresponded with Saint Hildegard von Bingen . Elisabeth's visions were recorded by her brother, Eckbert von Schönau , who was the abbot of the Schönau monastery.

Around 1122 the Allerheiligen Monastery came to possessions in Upper Swabia through a donation from the knight Arnold von Hiltensweiler , who had remained childless, and his wife Junzila , which it consolidated with the establishment of a cell and the later foundation of the Langnau Monastery . However, the mismanagement there and lack of money in 1389 finally led to the fact that the property was soon to fall into the hands of the Paulines via an intermediate level .

In 1524 the abbey was converted into a canon monastery and the cathedral became the second main city church in Schaffhausen. In 1529 the Reformation prevailed in Schaffhausen and the monastery was dissolved. The monastery library became part of the Schaffhausen City Library .

1763–1764 the cathedral tower was increased and received a new pointed tower helmet. The church and bridge builder Johann Ulrich Grubenmann was entrusted with the job .

When Schaffhausen was bombed by US bombers on April 1, 1944, parts of the monastery, including the new abbey, were destroyed but later rebuilt. Between 1950 and 1973, the All Saints Cathedral was extensively renovated inside and out with the support of the federal government and placed under the protection of the Swiss Confederation.

Today the monastery complex includes the following sacred buildings:

  • Johanneskapelle (1049-1064)
  • Munster (1090-1095)
  • Minster Chapel (former Marienkapelle or Anna Chapel, 1090-1095)
  • Erhard Chapel (around 1250, with grave of the founder)
  • Michaelskapelle (around 1250)
  • Oswald's Chapel (1524)

Minster church

Interior view of the minster to the east
Metzler organ from 1958

The first monastery complex with a church was completed in 1064. Around 1090 work began on building a larger five-aisled minster, which, however, did not get beyond the foundations. Instead, the somewhat more modest, today's three-aisled basilica was built , which was consecrated shortly after 1100. The nave rests on 12 mighty monolithic columns made of gray Rorschach sandstone . At the front the church has a transept with a crossing to which a three-aisled chancel with rectangular choir closings is attached to the east. The outer walls consist of unplastered limestone blocks. On the north side, next to the altar area, there is the tower with the chapel below, which today, accessible from the church, serves as a baptistery and place of silent prayer. The cathedral tower was built around 1150 in the Romanesque style, but has a late Gothic pointed helmet.

In the southern side choir, paintings from the 15th century have been exposed, a so-called Credo frieze on which the main beliefs of the Credo are represented in medallions. Various other medieval paintings on the walls have also been preserved in whole or in part.

In the south transept is the sandstone tomb of the monastery founder Eberhard VI. von Nellenburg , his wife and son. Today's grave slabs are exact replicas of the original ones, which have only been damaged or only partially exist.

In the north transept is the Romanesque grave slab of an unknown abbot, as well as the Gothic grave slab of the abbot Berchtold I von Wiechser († 1361).

Outside in the open, in front of the south transept, stands the so-called Schiller Bell, cast in 1486 and weighing 4500 kg, a very large Gothic bell . It is damaged, but hung in the cathedral tower, ringing the bell until 1898, and inspired Friedrich Schiller to write his song about the bell . He chose the upper inscription "Vivos voco - Mortuos plango - Fulgura frango" as the heading of the famous poem.

organ

The organ was built in 1958 by the Metzler organ building company. The slider chest instrument has 45 stops on 3 manuals and a pedal. The playing actions are mechanical.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Reed flute 8th'
2. Quintatön 8th'
3. Principal 4 '
4th Pointed 4 '
5. Sesquialtera (from c) 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
6th flute 2 '
7th Scharff IV-VI 1'
8th. Dulcian 16 '
9. Krummhorn 8th'
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
10. Quintadena 16 '
11. Principal 8th'
12. Dumped 8th'
13. Black viola 8th'
14th Octav 4 '
15th Reed flute 4 '
16. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
17th Octav 2 '
18th Hörnli II 2 '
19th Mixture IV-VI 2 '
20th Mixture III-IV 1'
21st Trumpet 16 '
22nd Trumpet (horizontal) 8th'
III Breastwork C – g 3
23. Wooden dacked 8th'
24. Dulcian 4 '
25th Flute 4 '
26th Principal 2 '
27. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  '
28. Sif flute 1'
29 Cymbal III-IV 1 ⁄ 2 '
30th Vox Humana 8th'
31. shawm 4 '
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
32. Pedestal 32 '
33. Principal 16 '
34. Sub bass 16 '
35. Octave 8th'
36. Pommer 8th'
37. Octave 4 '
38. Night horn 4 '
39. Reed flute 2 '
40. Rauschpfeife III 5 1 ⁄ 3  '
41. Mixture III 2 '
42. bassoon 32 '
43. trombone 16 '
44. Trumpet 8th'
45. prong 4 '
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P.

  • Schaffhausen Münster interior shot to the west

  • North aisle to the west

  • Southern side choir with Gothic Credo frieze

  • Gothic representation of Mary in the church

  • Pulpit from 1594

  • Coat of arms on the pulpit

  • Minster tower

  • Schiller bell from 1486

All Saints' Day Museum

The city of Schaffhausen built the Museum zu Allerheiligen on the site of the former monastery between 1921 and 1938 in order to provide a place to store and present the large art and cultural-historical collections that associations and private individuals had gathered over decades. A large part of it is housed in the historic premises of the former monastery. One of the initiators of the museum was Karl Sulzberger (1876–1963), he was involved in excavations in the pile dwellings Weier near Thayngen and at the Kesslerloch .

The museum has exhibitions on archeology, history, art and natural history. Among other things, a replica of the prehistoric Kesslerloch cave can be seen. Finds from the Abri Schweizerbild can also be seen.

In June 2010, the last of three parts of a new permanent exhibition entitled Schaffhausen im Fluss: 1000 Years of Cultural History was opened. The exhibition shows the history of the city of Schaffhausen from its founding to modern times.

List of Abbots of All Saints' Day

  • Eberhard VI. von Nellenburg the Blessed (* around 1015; † March 26, 1078/79 / March 1, 1080 in the Allerheiligen monastery, Schaffhausen). He and his wife Ita († around 1105/1110) were the founders of the monastery. Her son Burkhard had the cathedral completed by 1103. The consecration was carried out by Bishop Gebhard III. von Konstanz (during his two years' exile, Arnolt was the opposing bishop).
  • Wilhelm Abbot of Hirsau Monastery was Abbot of All Saints for two years after Eberhard's death (1080-1082)
  • Sigfrit, from 1082 to † Oct. 28, 1096
  • Gerhard, elected abbot on Oct. 29, 1096, abdicated in 1098, made a pilgrimage to Rome and Jerusalem
  • Adelbert, also Albertus or Abbot Albrecht from 1099 to 1131
Romanesque abbot in the cathedral (unknown)
Grave slab Abbot Berchtold I († 1361), in the cathedral

after Johann Jakob Rüeger :

  • 1. unknown
  • 2. Liutolf (1064)
  • 3. Sigfrid (1082-1096)
  • 4. Gerhart (1096-1098)
  • 5. Adelbert I, of Messingen (1099–1131)
  • 6. Diepold (?)
  • 7. Konrad I, of Gundelfingen (1141)
  • 8. Adelbert II (1142–1145)
  • 9. Ulrich I (1149)
  • 10. Conrad II of Clingenberg (1154)
  • 11. Eberhard (1164-1170)
  • 12. Nogger (1179)
  • 13. Hugo I (1187–1198)
  • 14. Rudolf I of Thengen (1194–)
  • 15. Rudolf II of Thengen (1208)
  • 16. Burchard (1210-1242)
  • 17. Hugo II of Grafenhausen (1256–1259)
  • 18. Conrad III. von Henkart (1258–1277)
  • 19. Ulrich II of Immendingen (1280–1296)
  • 20. Conrad IV of Liebenfels (1297–1313)
  • 21. Conrad V of Brandenburg (1313-1321)
  • 22. Johannes I. im Thurn (1323-1333)
  • (23). John II of Rettenberg, presumably identical to the previous one († 1333)
  • 23. Jakob von Henkart (1333–1349)
  • 24. Berchtold I. Wiechser (1349– † 1361)
  • 25. John II. Dörflinger (1350-1358)
  • 26. Walther von Seglingen (1360-1396)
  • 27. Berchtold II of Sissach (1396–1425)
  • 28. John III. Peyer in the courtyard (1425–1442)
  • 29. Berchtold III. Wiechser (1442–1466) † 1469
  • 30. Conrad VI. Dettikofer (1466-1489)
  • 31. Heinrich Wittenhan (1489–1501)
  • 32. Michael Eggenstorfer (1501–1524) † January 25, 1552, ultimus abbas

The late Gothic abbot's staff has been preserved, it shows the jumping Schaffhausen goat under Mary with the baby Jesus in tendrils.

literature

  • Kurt Bänteli: The Allerheiligen Monastery in Schaffhausen. For the 950th year of its foundation on November 22, 1049 (= Schaffhauser Archäologie, Vol. 4). Schaffhausen 1999, ISBN 3-9521-8680-5 .
  • Heinz Gallmann (Hrsg.): The donor book of the monastery All Saints to Schaffhausen. Critical new edition and linguistic classification (= sources and research on the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic peoples. N.F.). de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 1994, ISBN 3-11-014185-X .
  • Heinz Gallmann: The Schaffhauser Stifterbuch. Legend about the founder and foundation of the All Saints Monastery. UVK Universitätsverlag Konstanz, 1995. ISBN 3-87940-520-4 .
  • Rudolf Gamper: All Saints' Day (SH). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Thomas Hildbrand: Dominion, Scripture and Memory. The Allerheiligen Monastery and its handling of knowledge in economics, law and archives (11th - 16th centuries). Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-9053-1193-3 .
  • Thomas Hildbrand: "And uff dise fryhait begert ain Herr von Schauffhusen lütterung." The fake privilege of Heinrich V and the Allerheiligen monastery in Schaffhausen. In: Schaffhauser Contributions to History, 72, 1995, pp. 7–22.
  • Elisabeth Schudel: All Saints' Day in Schaffhausen. In: Helvetia Sacra. Division III: The orders with Benedictine rule. Volume 1: Early Monasteries, the Benedictines in Switzerland. Volume 3, Bern 1986, ISBN 3-317-01533-0 , pp. 1490-1535.
  • Hans Peter Mathis, Kurt Bänteli: The former monastery of All Saints in Schaffhausen (= Swiss Art Guide, No. 757/758, Series 76) Ed. By the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2004, ISBN 978-3-85782-757-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Building history of the monastery. In: www.allerheiligen.ch. Retrieved November 23, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Information about the organ (as of July 24, 2018)
  3. ^ Karl Schib : History of the city and landscape of Schaffhausen. Meili, Schaffhausen 1972, DNB 870491032 , plate 42.

Web links

Commons : Münster Schaffhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Foundation of the Allerheiligen Monastery near Schaffhausen  - sources and full texts

Coordinates: 47 ° 41 ′ 43 "  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 12"  E ; CH1903:  six hundred and eighty-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty-five  /  283426