Philippine Engelhard
Magdalene Philippine Engelhard , née Gatterer (born October 21, 1756 in Nuremberg , † September 28, 1831 in Blankenburg in the Harz Mountains ) was a German poet .
Life
Philippine was the third child of the professor for imperial history and diplomacy Johann Christoph Gatterer , who was appointed to the University of Göttingen in 1759, and Helene Barbara Gatterer, née Schubart. Her brother was the later Heidelberg university professor Christoph Wilhelm Gatterer . She spent her childhood and youth in Göttingen. She developed literary interests at an early age and helped her father in his library with transcripts and lectures.
The literary and academic environment at the university and the interaction with the father's colleagues and their families, including Christian Gottlob Heyne , Abraham Gotthelf Kästner , August Ludwig Schlözer and Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, were formative for Philippine . She received important stimuli from contacts with university students and visits from important scientists and personalities at home. She belonged to the group of professors' daughters who went down in literature as " university ladies and gentlemen" and achieved great fame, including Caroline Schlegel née. Michaelis, Meta Forkel-Liebeskind , b. Wedeking and Dorothea Schlözer .
So she made the acquaintance of Georg Forster in 1778 , who wrote to her about her poetry. Her childhood friend Therese Huber , daughter of Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was married to Georg Forster for the first time, published prose fragments from Philippine from 1827 as an editor or employee of the Morgenblatt for educated estates in the publishing house Johann Friedrich Cotta .
Philippine married Johann Philipp Engelhard , Privy Councilor of Hessen-Kassel and director of the Hessian War College on November 23, 1780 , and lived in Kassel. The will to be both a good housewife and mother as well as a recognized poet shaped her long life in the royal seat. She remained literary well into old age and maintained relationships with the family of the Brothers Grimm , Achim von Arnim , Bettina von Arnim , Anton Matthias Sprickmann and Elisa von der Recke . She had a lifelong, intense friendship with Charlotte von Eine .
She was the mother of ten children, including Louise Wilhelmine, who married the important Magdeburg entrepreneur Johann Gottlob Nathusius in 1809 and became the ancestor of a large family.
The following writers and publicists should be mentioned of their descendants: the daughter Karoline Engelhard , the grandson Philipp von Nathusius , who lived with Marie Nathusius , nee. Scheele was married and his granddaughter Annemarie von Nathusius , as well as Gatterer's great-great-granddaughter Gabriele Reuter .
On September 28, 1831, she died of a stroke after a kidney infection while visiting her daughter Caroline. She was buried in the Blankenburg cemetery. Her gravestone bore the inscription: “Lovingly mourned by ten children, eight children-in-law and 34 grandchildren. With a bright spirit she matured to eternal light! Happy in front of thousands and worth it. ”The grave no longer exists.
On the poetry of Philippine Engelhard
Philippine Engelhard's poetic talent was recognized by Heinrich Christian Boie , who published the “ Göttinger Musenalmanach ” from 1770 and belonged to the Göttingen Hainbund with Johann Heinrich Voss and Ludwig Christoph Heinrich Hölty . Gottfried August Bürger later became a mentor to the Philippine through the agency of Boie, but without having any real influence on her poetry and ideas. In her efforts to publish her work, she remained independent and dependent on her own initiative.
In her early poems from 1773 the influence of new literary currents from England, France and Italy (shepherd posia, epic poems), but also the topoi of the “new sensitive cult of the soul and nature” of the Hainbund poets become visible.
From 1776 published by Philippine Engelhard by Johann Heinrich Voss, published in Hamburg Musenalmanach under the code name "Rosalia" the poems "Song" and "To the Moon" and citizen Göttingen Musenalmanach 1780 under the name "Caroline" the poems "The Talisman" , "To Louisen", "To Adelheim" and under her own name "Die Liebesgötter". Well-known poems are also the poems from 1797 “The punishing voice” and “To the piano”. Both appeared under their names in the Musenalmanach of 1797.
In 1778 she became known to a large audience when the Göttingen publisher Johann Christian Dieterich brought out the small volume “Gedichte” with four coppers by Daniel Chodowiecki and five settings. According to reviews, including in Friedrich Nicolai's General German Library (1779), it became a sales success.
The secondary literature on Philippine Engelhard names “genius” and “nature”, the key terms of the Sturm und Drang movement, which also include the break with metric forms, as characteristic of her poetry . Your poetry is also considered an expression of a pronounced self-confidence. Already in contemporary judgments the liveliness, the humor and the wit, the frankness and the imagination and last but not least the expression of the feelings of their poetry were emphasized.
The later poems after her marriage and the change of place of residence from Göttingen to Kassel (1780) are described as “subjective poems of experience and experience freed from the burden of tradition and colorless education” (Stummann-Bowert), which have a holistic, fearless perception of the world and have therefore immediately made these poems to this day. The numerous settings of her poems by well-known composers - including Carl Christian Agthe , Antonio Rosetti , Johann Abraham Sixt , Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart and Johann Rudolph Zumsteeg - are evidence of the wide perception of her poetic work and her popularity.
After her death, Philippine Engelhard was almost completely forgotten. Only recent literary studies, especially in the USA, where z. For example, her poem “Mädchenklage” is now part of the canon of German studies, but some academic papers in Germany have also been reminiscent of Philippine Engelhard as one of the most important German poets of the 18th and 19th centuries since the 1990s.
Works
- Göttingen Musenalmanach to the year 1781. Ed. Gottfried Bürger. Göttingen 1781, p. 115 ff.
- From a woman's wallet. In: Magazine for women. Ninth piece. Autumn month, Strasbourg 1782, pp. 724–734.
- Poems. Zwote collection. With 4 coppers, Göttingen 1782.
- New year gift for dear children. Cassel 1787.
- New poems. Nuremberg 1821.
- Pierre-Jean de Béranger : songs. Faithfully translated from French by Philippine Engelhard born Gatterer. Cassel 1830.
- Erich Ebstein (ed.): Gottfried August Bürger and Philippine Gatterer: an exchange of letters from Göttingen's sensitive time. Dieterich, Leipzig 1921 digitized
literature
- Jeannine Blackwell, Susanne Zantop (Eds.) :, Bitter Healing: German Women Writers, 1700-1830. An Anthology. Translated by Cornelia Niekus Moore. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1990.
- Wilhelm Creizenach : Engelhard, Magdalene Philippine . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 136 f.
- Ruth P. Dawson: The contested Quill. Literature by women in Germany 1770–1800. Univ. Of Delaware Press, Newark, Del. 2002.
- Erich Ebstein (ed.): Gottfried August Bürger and Philippine Gatterer. An exchange of letters from Göttingen's sensitive time. Leipzig 1921.
- Nekrolog Magdalene Philippine Engelhard, b. Gatterer. In: New patriotic archive or contributions to the general knowledge of the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Braunschweig, (vol. 20), Jg. 1831, 2nd vol., Pp. 349-351 .
- Corinna J. Heipke: It's a matter of its own about female authorship: Philippine Gatterer-Engelhard between Rococo, sensitivity and storm and stress. In: painter. 1997, pp. 93-113.
- Corinna J. Heipke: On the construction of female authorship in the late 18th century. Studies of recent literature. Volume 11. Frankfurt / M., Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna, 2002, ISBN 3-631-38935-3 .
- Eckart Kleßmann : Universitätsmamsellen: five enlightened women between rococo, revolution and romanticism. The Other Library Vol. 281. Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-8218-4588-3 .
- Annette Lüchow: The Göttingen “University Mamellas”. In: Georg Christoph Lichtenberg 1742-1799. Risk of enlightenment. Exhibition catalog in Darmstadt, Göttingen, Munich, Vienna 1992, pp. 197–201.
- Elsbeth von Nathusius: Philippine Engelhard. A German poet from the good old days. In: Hessenland 33 (1919), pp. 4–8, 49–53, 71–75, 98.
- Martin von Nathusius : A German poet 100 years ago. From the life of our grandmother and great-grandmother Philippine Engelhardt, geb. Gatterer. Ungleich, Leipzig, 1890.
- Wolfgang Ollrog: Johann Christoph Gatterer, the founder of scientific genealogy. An examination of the previously known sources and publications about his origins, his life and work as well as his descendants. On behalf of the Genealogical-Heraldic Society based in Göttingen, Archive for Family Research and All Related Areas with Practical Research Aid, Volume 47, Issue 81/82, February 1981, CA Starke Verlag (ed.), Limburg / Lahn, 1981, P. 25 ff.
- Siegfried Scheibe (Ed.): Georg Forster. Letters until 1783. In: Works. Vol. 13, Berlin 1978, letters No. 87 (p. 169), No. 84, No. 88, No. 94.
- Ruth Stummann-Bowert (Ed.): Philippine Engelhard, b. Gatterer (1756–1831) “Let poetry accompany me to the last life”. Selected poems. A bourgeois woman's life between the Late Enlightenment and Biedermeier. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8260-3922-5 .
- Ruth Stummann-Bowert: Philippine Engelhard, nee Gatterer. A bourgeois woman's life between enlightenment and sensitivity. In: Traudel Weber-Reich: “Worth getting to know”, Important women of Göttingen . Wallstein, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-89244-057-3 , pp. 27-52.
- Ruth Stummann-Bowert: A table leg found again: Portrait of the poet Philippine Gatterer. In: Hessian homeland. Journal for Art, Culture and Monument Preservation , 55th year, 2005, issue 2, pp. 56–61.
- Ruth Stummann-Bowert: Johann Gottlob Nathusius in Althaldensleben and the Engelhard family in Kassel: Cultural relationships and family ties. In: Annual journal of the museums of the Ohrekreis. Haldensleben. Vol. 1 (1994), pp. 20-35.
Web links
- Literature by and about Philippine Engelhard in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Engelhard, Philippine |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Engelhard, Magdalene Philippine (full name); Gatterer, Magdalene Philippine (maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German poet |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 21, 1756 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nuremberg , |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 28, 1831 |
| Place of death | Blankenburg in the Harz Mountains |