Therese Huber

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Therese Huber

Therese Huber , also Therese Forster , née Marie Therese Heyne , (born May 7, 1764 in Göttingen , † June 15, 1829 in Augsburg ) was a German writer and editor . She was one of the Göttingen professor's daughters known as " university ladies and gentlemen".

Life

youth

Therese Huber was the eldest daughter of the classical philologist Christian Gottlob Heyne (1729–1812), who was known by her father as "Ruschel Hänschen" and was probably the most influential professor at the newly founded Göttingen University . She received the basics of her self-taught, unsystematic education in Göttingen . There she had easy access to the collections of the library run by her father, of which she made ample use. After her mother (nee Therese Weiß) died in 1776, her father temporarily took her to a French boarding school in Hanover, where she lived in the house of Georg Friedrich Brandes , her stepmother's father. In 1816 she wrote about her education:

I read, read, read and schwazte with my father about speculative objects me everything was schwazen, read everything that has been presented to me in reading only not as a classic . That bored me [...] I heard archeology speak of my father, natural history of Blumbach [= Johann Friedrich Blumenbach ], anatomy and medezin from my brother [= Karl Heyne (1762–1796)], politics of state history from my uncle Brandes - with the I sat late at night and devised speeches that we wanted to hold on the sheep if we were allowed to die like Algemoor -

Marriage to Georg Forster

Georg Forster
Paper cut by Therese Forster

At the beginning of 1779 she met the naturalist and ethnologist Georg Forster , who was then in Göttingen and lived near Lichtenberg . The engagement took place at Easter 1784 and the wedding on September 4, 1785. She lived with Forster for two years from 1785 to 1787 in the then Polish city of Wilna , where Forster had received a professorship. The work at the Schola Principis Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae was disappointing for Forster, and one also had to contend with economic problems. The first child, daughter Therese, was born on August 10, 1786. Clara (Claire) followed in 1789. The children Luise (1791) and Georg (1792) died a few months after their birth. Although Forster described marriage in letters as an idyll of harmony, there seem to have been problems in sexual terms from the start. Therese wrote to her friend Caroline in 1794 :

As I guessed, I was more innocent than a child. I only became a wife four weeks after my wedding because nature had not made us husband and wife. I cried in his arms and cursed the nature that had made this torment of lust - finally I got used to it.

From 1787 to 1788 they lived temporarily again in Göttingen and then in Mainz from 1788 to 1792 , during the time of the French Revolution . On October 21, 1792, the French troops under General Custine conquered the city. On November 5, Forster was a member of the Mainz Jacobin Club , on November 18 and 19. November Vice-President of the General Administration of the Mainz Republic and should be elected President of the Jacobin Club on December 31st. On December 7th, Therese took the opportunity to leave her husband and bring her children to safety in Strasbourg before the coming events , as the Prussian and Hessian troops had already conquered Frankfurt on December 2nd. Due to Georg Forster's death in January 1794, the divorce, which had already been initiated, no longer took place. Huber wrote an article about her ex-husband for the Conversations-Lexicon von Brockhaus (1817) in which it says that even after he separated from her, he had her "except for his deathbed" with "exalted love" honored. In Huber's view, Forster's life was characterized by a constant "dissonance" between the "greatness of his views and the smallness of his sphere of activity" or the "admiration of the crowd and the insignificance of his domestic circumstances".

Professional writer

Ludwig Ferdinand Huber

In her second marriage, Therese married the writer and editor Ludwig Ferdinand Huber (1764–1804) on April 10, 1794 in Neuchâtel , whom she had already met and loved in Mainz in 1791/92. She lived with him from 1794 to 1798 in the small village of Bôle near Neuchâtel. They were expelled in 1794 from Neuchâtel, which was then politically part of Prussia. The first three of six children with Huber were born in Bôle: Louise was born in February 1795, and two other children were only a few months old. The economic situation was precarious, as all property in Mainz had been lost and Huber had given up his post as Saxon legation secretary in 1793 in order to be with Therese. Therese Huber had already done translations for Forster, now she began to write stories herself, which until 1819 appeared anonymously or under the name of Ludwig Ferdinand Huber.

In 1798 they lived in Tübingen for a few weeks , where Huber got a job as an editor at Cotta's newly founded newspaper Latest Weltenkunde . This was soon banned, but continued under the name Allgemeine Zeitung in Stuttgart with Huber as editor-in-chief. The couple lived in Stuttgart until 1804 . The maintenance was secured, Huber last received 2000 guilders annually, in October 1798 the daughter Emanuele Honorine Adele and in March 1800 the son Viktor Aimé was born. In addition, they found connection to the social life of Stuttgart and socialized with Cotta, the poets Friedrich von Matthisson and Friedrich Haug , and the State Councilor August von Hartmann , with whose wife Therese Huber became friends. In November 1803 a move was necessary again, because the Allgemeine Zeitung had been banned in Württemberg, but was allowed to continue to appear in Ulm, Bavaria. In March 1804 he was appointed to the state directorate of the province of Swabia in the school department, with which he was responsible for library supervision and schools. At the same time he was allowed to keep his position as editor.

In April Therese and family moved to Ulm, and at Christmas 1804 Huber died of tuberculosis. A period of economic uncertainty began again for the widow Therese Huber, although she received 8,000 guilders from Huber's father's inheritance and the Bavarian government paid a pension of 300 guilders a year. She initially lived for a long time with the family of her second daughter Claire, who had been married to Gottlieb von Greyerz since 1805 : from 1805 to 1807 in Stoffenried and from 1807 to 1816 in Günzburg . During these years she tried again and again to find a job as a teacher for herself.

Morning paper for educated stands

Morning paper for educated stands

She moved back to Stuttgart in August 1816 when Johann Friedrich Cotta offered her the prospect of a job in his publishing house . First, he gave her the editing of the Kunst-Blatt , a supplement to the Morgenblatt for educated classes , shortly afterwards (beginning of January 1817) she took over the editorial responsibility for the entire Morgenblatt , which she ran successfully until the end of 1823.

There were always difficulties with the publisher who couldn't refuse to intervene in the work of the editorial team. She was particularly annoyed by the employment of Adolf Müllner , to whom Cotta gave the management of an independent literature section and paid 2000 guilders for it, three times the salary of editor-in-chief Therese Huber. In addition, Müllner tried to suppress them.

In November 1823 she moved to Augsburg because Cotta was thinking of transferring the editorial staff of the Morgenblatt there, but this did not happen. The publisher took the opportunity to get rid of an uncomfortable worker. Cotta did not quit her, however, just tacitly excluded her from the editorial management, which he could, since the editorial correspondence went through Cotta's office.

Cotta continued to pay Huber the already meager salary for three years, for which she had to translate the eight-volume memoirs of Félicité de Genlis . Therese resigned himself to the fact that Cotta had put the chair in front of the door as long as he was using the post of editor-in-chief of the Morgenblatt as a sinecure for his son, whom she described as a good-for-nothing. But when Cotta transferred the editor-in-chief to the young Wilhelm Hauff , this angered her, especially since Hauff was referring to the messages from the memoirs of Satan about “Th. v. H. “had made fun.

After all, no further move was necessary: ​​the family of their daughter Claire von Gruyères also lived in Augsburg. Therese Huber died there on June 15, 1829, almost blind, after a three-day agony at the age of 65.

progeny

Therese Huber gave birth to ten children (four in the Forster and six in the Huber marriage), four of whom reached adulthood: Therese Forster (1786–1862), who remained unmarried and became a teacher; Claire Forster (1789–1839), from 1805 married to Gottlieb von Greyerz (1778–1855), a forester; Luise Huber (1795–1831), married from 1813, divorced in 1816 and remarried to Emil von Herder (1783–1855) from 1822 ; Victor Aimé Huber (1800–1869), travel writer, high school professor and social reformer.

Own assessment

Hubert Spiegel quoted the following sentences from her in an article about Therese Huber in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on January 7, 1994:

  • In a letter to a friend: “For whatever reason I may not be considered learned. (...) I'll bet you won't notice my way of reading in ten conversations, I'll take care to let it be remembered. "
  • In another letter: “To me being printed is always an unsettling, painful, humiliating feeling. It is not fitting for women. "
  • In a letter to Wilhelm von Humboldt, who called her "one of the most excellent women of the time": "My life solved its task: I built, I created my spiritual self."

exhibition

In January 1994 the Schiller National Museum in Marbach showed an exhibition on Therese Huber's life and work.

Designations

In Göttingen, Günzburg and Schwäbisch Hall streets are named after Therese Huber.

Works

Paper cut by Luise Duttenhofer

Therese Huber was an outstanding and significant person in her time, a writer (novels, stories, travelogues, essays, reviews, correspondence articles), translator, editor (Cottas Morgenblatt for educated estates ) and letter writer (approx. 4,500 surviving letters). A reprint edition of the novels and stories has been published by Olms-Verlag since 1989, and from 1999 to 2013 a nine-volume, but incomplete, letter edition Therese Huber (BTH) by Verlag Niemeyer (later de Gruyter). Both editions were developed in the (now closed) “Arbeitsstelle Therese Huber” of the University of Osnabrück under the direction of Magdalene Heuser.

  • Adventure on a trip to New Holland. In: Flora , Tübingen 1793/94. Jg. 1793 Vol. 4, H. 12, pp. 241-274 and Jg. 1794, Vol. 1, H. 3, pp. 7-43, pp. 209-275.
  • The Seldorf family. A story T.1.2. Tübingen 1795/96. Digitized volume 1 , volume 2
  • Luise. A contribution to the history of convenience. Leipzig 1796. New edition, digitized
  • Stories by LF Huber. Vol. 1-3, Braunschweig 1801-1802. Digitized volume 1 , volume 2 , volume 3
  • LF Huber's all works since 1802, along with his biography, ed. by Therese Huber. Vol. 1-4. Stuttgart and Tübingen 1806-1819 (Vol. 2 under the title: CF Huber's complete works since 1802; Vol. 3 and 4: Huber's collected stories, continued by Therese Huber, née Heyne).
  • Remarks about Holland from the travel journal of a German woman, Leipzig 1811 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Hannah, the Moravian woman Deborah Findling. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1821. ( digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  • Ellen Percy, or Education by Fate T.1.2. Leipzig 1822. Digitized volume 1 , volume 2
  • Youthful courage. A story by Therese Huber. In two parts. Leipzig 1824. Digitized volume 1 , volume 2
  • Johann Georg Forster's correspondence. Along with some news from his life. By Th <erese> H <uber>, geb. H <eyne>. T. 1.2. Leipzig 1829.
  • Johann Georg Adam Forster, in: Conversations-Lexicon or encyclopaedic concise dictionary for educated classes, Vol. 3, Leipzig and Altenburg 1817 (FA Brockhaus), p. 710 f.
  • The celibate. Vol. 1.2. Leipzig 1829. Digitized volume 1 , volume 2
  • Stories by Therese Huber. Collected and edited. by V <ictor> A <imé> H <uber>. T. 1-6. Leipzig 1830-1833. Digitalisat Vol.1 , Vol.2 , Vol.3 , Bd.4 , Bd.5 , Bd.6
  • Letters. Vol. 1-9. Edited by Magdalene Heuser and [from vol. 5] Petra Wulbusch. Tübingen: Niemeyer 1999ff. [Quoted title: BTH]
    • Vol. 1: Letters 1774–1803. Edited by Magdalene Heuser in collaboration with Corinna Bergmann-Törner, Diane Coleman Brandt, Jutta Harmeyer and Petra Wulbusch. Tübingen 1999.
    • Vol. 2: Letters 1804 – June 1807. Arranged by Magdalene Heuser, Petra Wulbusch, Andrea Kiszio, Jessica Kewitz and Diane Coleman Brandt. Tübingen 2003.
    • Vol. 4: Letters 1810-1811. Arranged by Petra Wulbusch. Tübingen 2001.
    • Vol. 5: Letters 1812 – June 1815. Arranged by Petra Wulbusch, Magdalene Heuser, Andrea Kiszio. Tübingen 2005.
    • Vol. 6.1: Letters July 1815 – September 1818. Edited by Petra Wulbusch. Berlin u. a. 2011.
    • Vol. 6.2: Explanations of letters July 1815 – September 1818. Edited by Petra Wulbusch. Berlin u. a. 2011.
    • Vol. 7.1: Letters October 1818–1820. Edited by Magdalene Heuser, Petra Wulbusch and Jessica Stegemann. Berlin u. a. 2013.
    • Vol. 7.2: Explanations of letters October 1818–1820. Edited by Magdalene Heuser, Petra Wulbusch and Jessica Stegemann. Berlin u. a. 2013.
  • Novels and short stories [= repr.]. Edited by Magdalene Heuser. Hildesheim: Olms 1989ff. (= Early women's literature in Germany. Ed. By Anita Runge).
    • <Therese Huber:> The Seldorf family . Th. 1.2. Tübingen: Cotta 1795/6 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Magdalene Heuser. Hildesheim: Olms 1989 (= novels and stories. Vol. 1).
    • <Therese Huber:> Luise. Leipzig: Wolf 1796 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Magdalene Heuser. Hildesheim: Olms 1991 (= novels and stories. Vol. 2).
    • Therese Huber: Hannah, the Moravian woman Deborah Findling. Leipzig: Brockhaus 1821 [= repr.]. The judgment of the world. Frankfurt u. Leipzig 1805 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Diane Coleman Brandt. Hildesheim: Olms 2001 (= novels and stories. Vol. 3.1 and 3.2).
    • Therese Huber: Ellen Percy. Th. 1.2. Leipzig: Brockhaus 1822 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Magdalene Heuser. Hildesheim: Olms 1996 (= novels and stories. Vol. 4).
    • <Therese Huber>: Stories by LF Huber. Collection 1–3. Braunschweig: Vieweg 1801-1802 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Sylvia Cordie. Hildesheim: Olms 1999 (= novels and stories. Vol. 7 and 8).
    • Therese Huber: Stories. Collected and edited by V <ictor> A <imé> H <uber>. Th. 1-6. Leipzig: Brockhaus 1830-1833 [= repr.]. With an afterword by Petra Wulbusch. Hildesheim: Olms 2006 (= novels and stories. Vol. 9–12).

literature

  • Ulrike Bergmann: The mesalliance. Georg Forster: circumnavigator, Therese Forster: writer. Frankfurt am Main 2008
  • Rudolf Elvers :  Huber, Ferdinand . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 236-246.
  • Bernhard Fischer: Cottas´ " Morning Paper for the Educated Estates " from 1807 to 1823 and the collaboration of Therese Huber. AGB 43 (1995), pp. 203-239
  • Ludwig Geiger: Therese Huber 1764 to 1829. Life and letters of a German woman. With a portrait of Therese Huber. Stuttgart 1901
  • Andrea Hahn (Ed.): The purest love of freedom, the purest love of men: a picture of life in letters and stories between the Enlightenment and romanticism, Therese Huber. Berlin 1989
  • Andrea Hahn, Bernhard Fischer (ed.): “Everything from me!”: Therese Huber (1764–1829), writer and editor. Marbach 1993
  • Andrea Hahn: “Like a man's dress for a female body”: Therese Huber (1764–1829). Profession writer in the 18th and 19th centuries. Ed. Karin Tebben, Göttingen 1998 pp. 103-131
  • Andrea Hahn: Scenes from everyday journalism: Therese Huber, painter Müller and the story of a failed editor-author relationship. In: Maler Müller on his 250th birthday on January 13, 1999. Reibingen 1998, pp. 104–116
  • Gerhard Hay:  Huber, Therese, née Heyne. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 686-688 ( digitized version ).
  • Magdalene Heuser: Jacobin, democrat and revolutionary. Therese Huber's “little tiny point of view as a woman” around 1800. In: Slave or Citizen? French Revolution and New Femininity 1760–1830. Edited by Victoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff et al. Marburg 1989, pp. 143–157
  • Magdalene Heuser: Therese Heyne. Writer 1764–1785. Speech on the occasion of the unveiling of a memorial plaque on August 4, 1989, Papendiek 16. In: Göttinger Jahrbuch 37 (1989), pp. 194–197
  • Magdalene Heuser: "Therese is the contrast of my being". Therese Huber's letters to her daughter Therese Forster 1797–1828. In: Mother and Motherhood. Change and Effectiveness of a Fantasy in German Literature. Festschrift for Verena Ehrich-Haefeli. Edited by Irmgard Roebling and Wolfram Mauser. Würzburg 1996, pp. 131-146
  • Magdalene Heuser: Georg and Therese Forster - aspects of a failed collaboration. In: literary collaboration. Edited by Bodo Plachta. Tübingen 2001, pp. 101-119
  • Magdalene Heuser: The youth letters from Therese Heyne-Forster-Huber. Assurance of (female) bourgeois subjectivity. In: From the depicted person to the remembered self. European personal reports as historical sources (1500–1800). Edited by Kaspar von Greyerz, Hans Medick and Patrice Veit. Cologne u. a. 2001, pp. 275-298
  • Magdalene Heuser, Jutta Harmeyer: Article on Th. Huber's novels. In: Lexicon of German-language epics and drama by women authors (1730–1900). Edited by Gudrun Loster-Schneider and Gabriele Pailer. Tuebingen 2006
  • Carola Hilmes: Georg Forster and Therese Huber: A marriage in letters . In: The literary couple. Le couple littéraire. Intertextuality of the gender discourses. Intertextualité et discours des sexes , ed. by Gislinde Seybert, Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2003, pp. 111–135. Online (PDF; 179 kB)
  • Sabine Dorothea Jordan: Ludwig Ferdinand Huber (1764–1804). His Life and Works. (Stuttgart Theses on German Studies, No. 57). Stuttgart: Academic Publishing House Hans-Dieter Heinz, 1978
  • Jessica Kewitz (ed.): “Come on, let's play house motherles.” The correspondence between the writers Therese Huber (1764–1829) and Helmina von Chézy (1783–1856). Marburg 2004
  • Eckart Kleßmann : University nurses . Five enlightened women between Rococo, Revolution and Romanticism (= The Other Library. Vol. 281). Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-8218-4588-3 .
  • Brigitte Leuschner: writers and sister souls. The correspondence between Therese Huber (1764–1829) and Caroline Pichler (1769–1843). Edited by Brigitte Leuschner. Marburg 1995. (New edition 2001)
  • Brigitte Leuschner: The correspondence between Therese Huber (1764–1829) and Karoline von Woltmann (1782–1847). A discourse about writing and life. Marburg 1999
  • Mascha Riepl-Schmidt : Therese Huber (1764–1829) - “I want to exchange truth for happiness”: A life as an educational novel. Frankfurt am Main / Bern / Vienna, PL Academic Research 2016, ISBN 978-3-631-49174-4
  • Petra Wulbusch: Therese Huber and Emil von Herder. On the gender discourse around 1800. Tübingen 2005

Web links

Commons : Therese Huber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Therese Huber  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kleßmann Universitätsmamsellen 2008 p. 95
  2. ↑ Kleßmann Universitätsmamsellen 2008 p. 165f
  3. ↑ Johann Georg Adam Forster , in: Conversations-Lexicon or encyclopaean concise dictionary for educated classes , Vol. 3, Leipzig and Altenburg 1817 (FA Brockhaus), p. 710 f.
  4. ↑ Memories of the Countess of Genlis. About the Eighteenth Century and the French Revolution. Since 1766 up to our day. 8 vols. Cotta, Stuttgart 1825f
  5. ↑ Hubert Spiegel: Tired of maids work. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 7, 1994, p. 29
  6. ↑ Hubert Spiegel: Tired of maids work. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 7, 1994, p. 29
personal data
SURNAME Huber, Therese
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heyne, Marie Therese (maiden name); Forster, Therese (married name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 7, 1764
PLACE OF BIRTH Goettingen
DATE OF DEATH June 15, 1829
Place of death augsburg