Charlotte of One

Marie Dorothee Charlotte von One , married. Emminghaus (born October 18, 1756 in Kirchweyhe ; † November 7, 1833 in Gotha ), was a German writer and muse of the Göttingen Hainbund , where she was known as "the little delight". Her fragmentary biography of her youth, written by Charlotte von Eine from 1824 to 1826, is also important for literary studies .

Life

origin

Weyhe 1773

Charlotte von Eine was born as the daughter of the private tutor and from 1759 vice principal of the Mündener Ratsschule Johann Conrad von Eine and Sophie Elisabeth Bauermeister in Kirchweyhe in the county of Hoja . The von Einems were an ancient patrician family , first mentioned in 1284. The family came from the city nobility of Einbeck and built, among other things, the Augustinian monastery. In the village of Eine it owned numerous feudal estates which still brought Charlotte von Einems father annual income of up to 100 thalers .

childhood

Charlotte von Eine grew up with her maternal grandfather Gabriel Julius Bau (e) rmeister, the pastor of the Felicianus Church in Kirchweyhe, and after his death in 1762 with her strict grandmother Maria Theresia Renner (1711–1770) and received a religious education. The mother left Charlotte von Eine in 1762 and died six years later. In Bremen in 1762 Charlotte von Eine met her great uncle Caspar Friedrich Renner , who worked as an administrative lawyer at St. Petri Cathedral , but had also made a name for himself as a poet. In his home she came into contact with ladies of the nobility and was taught singing. Her uncle, the pastor Johann Gabriel Bauermeister (1741-1813), introduced Charlotte von Eine to contemporary literature, so that she soon translated the works of Christian Fürchtegott Gellert , operas by Christian Felix Weisse or Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes in German (1767) read. Von One also began reading newspapers such as the Hamburg Impartial Correspondent .

Muse of the Göttingen Hainbund

Heinrich Christian Boie

Her grandmother died in 1770 and Charlotte von Eine went to Münden with her father via Göttingen, where she said she became acquainted with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach . In Kassel she met Rudolf Erich Raspe and was introduced to Adolph von Knigge . Charlotte von Eine was in correspondence with Adam Christian Gaspari and got to know him personally in 1772. From 1775 on, Charlotte von Eine also began exchanging letters with Heinrich Christian Boie and his wife Luise Mejer , with whom she had been friends since 1773.

She had met both the Boie family and the publisher Johann Christian Dieterich on a second visit to Göttingen, which she had made with her father in 1773. Dieterich published in his Dieterich'schen publishing bookstore , which he had opened in 1766, among other things, the Göttingen Musenalmanach . A third visit to Göttingen in 1774 brought Charlotte von Eine into contact with the literature of the Göttingen Hainbund . She got to know works by Ludwig Heinrich Christoph Hölty , Gottfried August Bürger , Johann Heinrich Voss and Johann Martin Miller and through Boie's mediation also made personal acquaintance with Miller and Hölty.

“Miller was closed and stiff. Hölty approached and inquiring and Boie had great pleasure in bringing them closer to us because they were then just rising suns in the firmament of poetry and B. was the one who inscribed their names in the big book for posterity. "

- Charlotte von Eine: Jugendgeschichte , p. 57

Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder (1722–1789): Philippine Engelhard, b. Gatterer (1780)

Johann Heinrich Voss visited Charlotte von Eine in Münden in the same year, just as the connection to the Göttingen Hainbund also encouraged the acquaintance with numerous other well-known writers of the time such as Georg Forster , Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , Johann Anton Leisewitz and Johann Friedrich Hahn , the Charlotte von Visited one in Münden. Johann Martin Miller was about to get engaged to Charlotte von Eine in 1775, but she refrained from doing so. In a letter to Voss, Miller described the beginning of the love affair with Charlotte von Eine and used this description in 1776 for his novel Siegwart. A monastery story in which Charlotte von Eine is represented under the name "Therese".

Hölty is said to have dedicated his poem Entzückung to Charlotte von Eine and called her "little delight" in a letter to Miller. He became a regular visitor to the small reading circle established by a father in Münden. Due to his relationship with Dieterich, the current works of the time were discussed here, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther , which was even re-enacted as a play with Charlotte von Eine as Lotte. Charlotte von Eine also had "a lively correspondence" with Hölty. Charlotte von Eine was also in correspondence with Boie, as personal contact broke off after Boie's move to Hanover.

Through Dieterich's mediation, Charlotte von Eine met the writer Philippine Engelhard in 1776 , with whom she was a close friend until the end of her life. Philippine Engelhard published four poems, among other things, which she dedicated to Charlotte von Eine, such as her work Letter to Charlotten . In the same year Charlotte von Eine began an intensive correspondence with Anton Matthias Sprickmann , who had visited her in Münden and with whom she began a love affair. Abraham Gotthelf Kästner and the couple Dorothea Friderika and Ernst Gottfried Baldinger were welcome guests in Münden.

Wife and mother

On January 9, 1785, Charlotte von Eine married the merchant Johann Karl Heinrich Emminghaus (1752–1826) and moved with him to Erfurt. Six children were born by 1795, two of whom died prematurely. Since the marriage with Emminghaus was not characterized by love, Charlotte von Eine turned all her love to her children, which prompted Philippine Engelhard to write the lines of poetry:

From Mündener Lotte, now full of hard work

Only there for your children's circle.

Charlotte von Einems father Johann Konrad von Eine moved to his daughter in Erfurt in 1797, where he died in 1799. In 1808 the family moved to Gotha, where Charlotte von Eine met her long-time friend Anton Matthias Sprickmann again in 1814. From 1824 Charlotte von Eine wrote her youth story , but broke it off in the second chapter in 1826. The reason for this is said to have been the death of her husband, who, according to Philippine Engelhard, died of grief over the bankruptcy of his trade. Seven years after her husband, Charlotte von Eine died in Gotha.

Aftermath

Ninety years after Charlotte von Einems death, the author of the letter was rediscovered. In 1923, Julius Steinberger published letters and the memories of the youth at the Göttinger Jugendfreunde Association. The publication included correspondence between Charlotte von Einems and Hölty, Voss, Boie, Overbeck and other authors of the 18th century. Ortrun Niethammer and Petra Wulbusch published the biographical fragment Charlotte von Einems under the title Jugendgeschichte with numerous comments, including on errors within the text in 1994 in the anthology I even wished to be taught . The Charlotte von Einems estate is now kept in the Goettingen State and University Library and contains not only correspondence and portraits, but also numerous silhouettes of the members of the Goettingen Grove Association.

literature

• Ernst Buchholz: The Vice-Principal von One and his daughter Charlotte. A small contribution to the history of the Mündener school system and the literature of the 18th century. Klugkist, Münden 1899.
• Julius Steinberger: From the estate of Charlotte von One. Unprinted letters from Hölty, Voss, Boie, Overbeck and others, Vereinigung Göttinger Buchfreunde, Göttingen 1923.
• Magdalene Heuser u. a. (Ed.): "I really wish to be taught". Three autobiographies by 18th century women. Wallstein, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-89244-075-1 .
• Petra Wulbusch: The 'youth story ' Charlotte von Einems. A self-image, its breaks, consequences and functions. In: Magdalene Heuser: Autobiographies of women. Contributions to their history . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1996.
• Ruth Stummann-Bowert (Ed.): Philippine Engelhard, b. Gatterer (1756–1831) - “Let poetry accompany me to the last life cycle”. Selected poems. A bourgeois woman's life between the Late Enlightenment and Biedermeier. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8260-3922-5 , p. 46 f., 227.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ For comparison: the annual salary of a teacher at that time was less than 100, often even less than 50 talers. See Niethammer, p. 219.
2. ↑ Among other things, he published poems under the pseudonym Franz Heinrich Sparre.
3. ↑ Charlotte von Eine: Jugendgeschichte. In: Heuser: “I really wish to be taught” , pp. 25–62, here p. 31. There were also noble families in Weyhe, with whom Charlotte von Eine had hardly any contact at the time.
4. ↑ Gellert's fables and stories were found in her estate . Part 1 from the year 1763, which, according to Charlotte von Einems, was her first book after the Bible, Catechism and Hymnal. Cf. Heuser: "I really wish to be taught". P. 214.
5. ↑ Cf. Charlotte von Eine: Jugendgeschichte. P. 52. Ortrun Niethammer and Petra Wulbusch proved, however, that Blumenbach was still studying in Jena at the time and only came to Göttingen in 1772. It is possible that he made the acquaintance on a later visit to Göttingen.
6. ↑ In 1780 Christian Jakob Wagenseil dedicated his book Contribution to Wisdom and Knowledge of Human Beings as a “Friendly Monument to Mademoiselle Charlotte von One, in Hanoverian Münden”.
7. ↑ u. a .: Hölty to Miller, letter of November 10, 1774. In: Wilhelm Michael: Ludwig Christoph Heinrich Hölty's Complete Works . Volume 2. Ges. Der Bibliophilen, Weimar 1918, p. 132.
8. ↑ Johann Konrad von Eine, who was friends with Bürger, also published himself under the abbreviation “v. E. “from 1773 poems in the Göttingen and Vossian muse almanac. See Wilhelm Creizenach:  Eine, Johann Konrad von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 758.
9. ↑ Buchholz, p. 17.
10. ↑ Charlotte von Eine: Jugendgeschichte. P. 59.
11. ↑ In: Philippine Gatterer: Poems . Volume 1. Dieterich, Göttingen 1778, pp. 62-74.
12. ^ Regina Caroline Emminghaus (1785–1795), Johanna Sophia Louisa Emminghaus (1787–1823), Christina Charlotte Emminghaus (1789–1854), Carl Georg Emminghaus (1791–1857), Rosina Catharina Emminghaus (1793–1841), Sophia Juliana Emminghaus (1795–1801)
13. ↑ Philippine Engelhard: Written six hours after the birth of the tenth child (1800). In: Philippine Engelhard: Poems. Third collection . George Eichhorn, Nuremberg 1821, pp. 184f.
14. ↑ The text consists of two chapters, the second of which is entitled Youth History.
15. ↑ Letter from Philippine Engelhard to Elisa von der Recke from October 24, 1826. Quoted from Erich Ebstein (ed.): Gottfried August Bürger and Philippine Gatterer. An exchange of letters from Göttingen's sensitive time . Dieterich, Leipzig 1921, p. 215.