Mannheim industrial port

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View from the chamber lock to the Bonadieshafen
Bulk cargo ship in Bonadieshafen

The industrial port of Mannheim as part of the Mannheim harbor an inland port in the district of Friesenheim Island of the district Neckar City West . It is limited to the Neckar by the Kammerschleuse and to the Altrheinhafen by the Diffené bridge .

Subdivision of the port

As port 4 of the Mannheim port, it is divided as follows:

Port 41, industrial port

Hildebrand mills

The industrial port (location) , as the former Rhine river bed south of the Diffené bridge, encompasses the largest area of ​​port 4. The large mill buildings and silos along the Friesenheimer Insel, which are also mainly supplied with shipments, are particularly striking.

Port 42, island port

The island port (location) in the southwest only has a small, hardly used basin at the former Rhenania seed camp.

Hafen 43, Bonadieshafen

The Bonadieshafen (Lage) is located in the area of ​​the former confluence of the Neckar into the Rhine before the Rhine is straightened in the south or southwest of the port area. Today the basin is mainly used for ship transports in connection with the processing of oilseeds into vegetable oils and biodiesel by the local companies.

Hafen 44, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Hafen

The Kaiser-Wilhelm-Hafen (Lage) in the southeast has a long, narrow basin that is currently only used by a metal recycling company for ship transport.

history

Industrial port 1907
Mühlenufer along the Friesenheimer Insel

According to the Rhine Shipping Act of 1868 ( Mannheim Act ), the Rhine was freely usable for international shipping. Mannheim was able to develop into an important trading center. The necessary areas for the connection to waterways, roads and railways were available on the Altrheinschleife, which was created by straightening the Rhine and was used for rafting operations, not far from the city. Companies such as the Zellstoff-Fabrik (1884, today Essity ), the Chemiefabrik Böhringer (1872, today Boehringer Mannheim ) and the mirror glass factory Saint Gobain (1853) were already residents of the northern Old Rhine. By straightening the Rhine, Mannheim was the end point of navigation on the Rhine until the end of the 19th century. In the trading port, therefore, mainly goods were transferred from ships to railways. When it became clear that more powerfully motorized ships could also approach destinations above Mannheim, it became necessary to process goods and raw materials in addition to the pure handling of goods. Therefore, the industrial port should be created to secure the existence of the port of Mannheim.

In 1895 the city of Mannheim acquired the Friesenheimer Insel von Sandhofen , which at that time was still an independent municipality, and began to build the industrial port. After planning in different variants, the fairways, harbor basins and lock systems were built by the state from 1897 , the banks expanded by the city and the infrastructure with roads, bridges, sewerage, power supply as well as the port and tramway provided. On June 3, 1907, the industrial port was inaugurated together with the newly built Jungbusch Bridge as part of the celebrations for the 300th anniversary of Mannheim . Since then there has been no further expansion, on the contrary: part of the Bonadieshafen was filled in at the beginning of the 1950s. The industrial port has been owned by the city of Mannheim since it was founded.

While numerous smaller companies initially settled on the city side of the port by 1900, a number of large mills only gradually settled on the side of the Friesenheimer Insel: Verein Deutscher Ölmühlen VDO (1905), Hildebrand Mühle (1907), Pfalzmühle (1909) , Mill of the GEG Großeinkaufsgesellschaft Deutscher Konsumvereine (1931), Club-Kraftfutterwerke (1954).

In the meantime, many buildings from the Wilhelminian era on the city side have had an eventful history behind them, and in some cases the ravages of time are visibly gnawing away. Long-established companies can be found here as well as craft businesses, start- ups and artist lofts .

Industry

In contrast to the commercial port, the industrial port is characterized by the factories and mills there. Companies such as Birkel , Bunge Deutschland GmbH , Fuchs Petrolub , Hutchinson , Hildebrandmühlen Mannheim ( Kampffmeyer Mühlen ), Pfalzmühle Mannheim (PMG Premium Mühlen Group) or Club Kraftfutterwerke ( Deutsche Tiernahrung Cremer ) have their headquarters or production facilities in the industrial harbor. Mannheim Bio Fuel GmbH, a subsidiary of Bunge, has been processing rapeseed oil into biodiesel at Bonadieshafen since 2006. TSR Recycling operates a scrap metal processing plant. Schumacher GmbH with the fashion label SCHUMACHER is also based in the industrial harbor .

Buildings

The Diffené Bridge separates the industrial port from the Old Rhine port
The ship leaves the industrial port through the chamber lock to the Neckar

Diffené bridge

The Diffené Bridge is a bascule bridge that spans the northern ship entrance to the Mannheim industrial port and thus forms the border with the Altrheinhafen.

Chamber lock

When the Neckar estuary was relocated as a result of the straightening of the Rhine, the Old Rhine loop, in which the industrial port is located, was separated from the Neckar by a dam. During the construction of the industrial port, it was then necessary to compensate for a height difference of 30 cm, since the point of access from the Neckar to the industrial port is 30 cm higher than the point of the northern approach down the Rhine over the Old Rhine. To compensate for this difference, the chamber lock, which has a usable length of 140 m and a usable width of 13.40 m, was built in 1898. The lock was renewed from 1981 to 1984. It prevents the inflow from the Neckar and, as a result, silting up and silting up in the port. There is a swing bridge immediately next to the chamber lock, which is turned to the side when the lock is in operation, depending on the ship's height and water level.

Mannheim meridian

Mire in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Hafen

On the southern bank of the Kaiser Wilhelm Basin there is a red sandstone pyramid that served as an astronomical test point ( Mire ) for the meridian leading through the Mannheim observatory . When a large telescope was to be installed at the Mannheim observatory at the end of the 18th century in order to check the celestial passages on the celestial meridian, it was necessary to align it precisely. The axis on which it moved had to be at an exact angle of 90 ° to the north-south direction, to the Mannheim noon line . For a line to precisely align the telescope, you needed two such meridian marks at a considerable distance, one in the north and one in the south. The northern one, originally set up in 1810 about 100 m from the (old) Rhine on the then right bank of the Neckar, has been preserved, but not in its original location. The exact test point would be in the middle of the Kaiser Wilhelm Basin today. With the construction of the industrial port from 1890, the Mire was relocated. The current location has no more metrological relevance anyway: It is no longer measured according to the Baden Soldner coordinate system with the Mannheim observatory as the zero point, but according to the Gauß-Krüger system . Incidentally, the southern inspection point in the Mannheim Palace Park had already been removed in 1822. The Pyramidenstrasse in the Neckarstadt-West district got its name from the Mire.

Culture

In 2014, a signposted circular route under the motto “Paths to industrial culture” was implemented in the industrial port. This leads clockwise, starting and ending at the Diffené bridge, around the industrial port and gives vivid insights into the history of buildings, companies and locations on 31 boards in text and images.

Historical

Memorial to the memory of the Rhine crossing in 1814

As part of the wars of liberation against Napoleon, the Russian General von Osten-Sacken crossed the Rhine with his corps on New Year's Eve of 1813/14 and fought for the French hill on the Friesenheimer Damm on the left bank of the Rhine . The crossing took place at the tip of Bonadiesinsel, where the Altneckar formerly flowed into the Old Rhine. This place no longer exists, when the industrial port was built, the former width of the river was reduced by half. Due to this event, the left bank of the industrial port along the Friesenheimer Insel is also known as the "Franzosenkai" and the right bank as the "Russenkai". The "Franzosenstrasse" in the industrial port also bears its name. To commemorate the crossing of the Rhine in 1914, the Mannheim Military Association erected a memorial at the closest possible onshore location, next to Friesenheimer Straße.

Web links

Commons : Industriehafen Mannheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Chronicle of the City of Mannheim - Milestones of the 19th Century
  2. ^ Rhein-Neckar industrial culture : Chamber lock at Mannheim industrial port. Retrieved October 21, 2014 .
  3. MARCHIVUM: street names, Pyramid Street. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .
  4. Rhein-Neckar industrial culture: Paths to industrial culture. Retrieved October 21, 2014 .
  5. ^ Document without reference to the source, shown in: Sonja Steiner-Welz: Mannheim als Festungsstadt. Volume 2. Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag eK, 2004, ISBN 978-3-938-16425-9 , p. 5 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. MARCHIVUM: street names, Franzosenkai. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .
  7. MARCHIVUM: street names, Russenkai. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .
  8. MARCHIVUM: street names, Frenchmen Street. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 42 "  N , 8 ° 27 ′ 40"  E