Margub Timergalijewitsch Ishakov

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Margub Ishakov

Margub Timergalijewitsch Ischakow ( Chinese  馬爾果甫•伊斯卡果夫  /  马尔果甫•伊斯卡果夫 , Pinyin Mǎ'ěrguǒfǔ • Yīsīkǎguǒfū ; Russian Маргуб Тимергалиевич Исхаков * 13. March 1923 in Yining , Republic of China , † 1992 in Alma-Ata , Republic of Kazakhstan ) was a Tatar major general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army .

Career as a revolutionary

Ishakov joined the communist movement at a young age when Xinjiang was ruled by the pro-Soviet Manjur governor Sheng Shicai . When Sheng turned away from the Soviet Union in 1942 and hit Xinjiang with a wave of anti-communist repression, Ishakov was imprisoned and spent almost two years in prison. Immediately after his release he organized in a guerrilla unit in circles Korgas was active and out in the course of the Ili Rebellion "Little later Suidun - Infantry Regiment " was. He served him in 1944 and 1945 as political commissioner .

In July 1945 his regiment was absorbed into the Ili National Army of the (Second) " Republic of East Turkestan ", which was founded in April of that year and of which he became chief of staff . After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, Ishakov became a member of the CCP in December 1949 . After the Ili National Army on January 10, 1951 as “5. Army Corps ”was incorporated into the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), he held positions as Chief of Staff of the 5th Army Corps, as Deputy Corps Commander and finally as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Xinjiang Military District in the following years . In 1955 he was promoted to the then youngest major general of the VBA.

Change to a traitor

After 1955 there were growing contradictions between the Chinese Communist Party and the CPSU , which gradually developed into a deep rift, and in the mid-1960s even into open hostility and thus to the division of the international communist movement . In the 1930s and 1940s the Soviet consulate in Gulja had issued several thousand Soviet passports to residents of Ili , especially young, progressive Uyghurs , Kazakhs , Tatars and Russians . Some of them, including Ishakov and his long-time Uyghur friend and comrade in arms , Major General Sunun Taipow ( Chinese  祖 農 • 太 也 夫  /  祖 农 • 太 也 夫 , Pinyin Zǔnóng • Tàiyěfū ; Russian Зунун Таипов ), and thus fell into loyalty finally for the Soviet side.

In April 1962, both had used their considerable influence to stir up anti-Chinese sentiments among the population near the border, especially in Huocheng and Tacheng , and to promote migration to the neighboring Kazakh SSR , then a republic of the USSR. Massive undesirable developments in the nationality policy of the governments in Beijing and Urumqi as well as the generally complicated situation in China, which was still recovering from the Great Leap and whose political climate was shaped by the consequences of the anti-right-wing campaign , favored the relative success of this - according to the Chinese Opinion controlled by the KGB - Soviet propaganda campaign. By the end of May 1962, the number of citizens willing to migrate who suddenly applied for permanent emigration by suddenly submitting Soviet personal papers. Finally, there was the so-called “counter-revolutionary uprising of May 29”, which is presented very differently. Obviously - for whatever reason - a “traffic jam” arose when leaving the country at two border crossings in Huocheng and Tacheng. The mass riot that then developed was suppressed, according to the Soviet representation, with shots into the crowd. There were an unknown number of dead and wounded. The Chinese representation, however, expressly insists that the order to the VBA border protection units "do not shoot, do not use force, do not allow clashes with the masses" has been strictly followed. In any case, thousands of those involved in the incident were picked up that day by Soviet buses apparently provided at both border crossings and brought to the Soviet Union. The massive border crossings lasted until May 31st. After that, the Soviet Union closed the border.

Since Ishakov and Taipov's involvement in the incidents and thus their treason had become evident and both had crossed the border in both directions several times before and after the actual incident. a. to greet the migrants in the Soviet Union, they could not stay in China. At that time, out of consideration for the relationship with the Soviet Union, the decision was made to date both emigration applications submitted in 1962, after the incident, back to 1961 and to have their official service in the VBA end retrospectively as of December 31, 1961. With this they had - purely formally - committed no more treason and their move to the Soviet Union was tacitly tolerated.

In the Soviet Union

Little is known about Ishakov's fate in the Soviet Union. Allegedly, details are to be found in Ilidan Issakov's book "Come from the banks of the Volga - the Tatars". He experienced the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991 in Kazakhstan, where he died the following year.

Individual evidence

  1. Most Russian sources give 1993, most Chinese 1992 as the year of death.
  2. Малоизвестные татарские разности - 38th Альтаф Гюльахмедов, March 2013, accessed June 20, 2013 (Russian).
  3. ^ Wang, David D .: Under the Soviet Shadow. The Yining Incident. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press 1999, p. 151. His name is erroneously given here as "Maganov".
  4. 新疆维吾尔自治区 概况Xinjiang Weiwu'er zizhi qu gaikuang , 乌鲁木齐 Ürümqi: 新疆 人民出版社Xinjiang renmin chubanshe 1985, p. 36.
  5. The former "Military District Ürümqi" was later incorporated into today's "Military District Lanzhou".
  6. Chen, Jack: The Sinkiang Story. New York, London: Macmillan Publishing 1977, pp. 287f.
    Light, Nathan: Qazaqs in the People's Republic of China: The Local Processes of History. Indiana Center on Global Change and World Peace Occasional Paper No. 22. Bloomington: Indiana University 1994, pp. 41-46.
    Millward, James A .: Eurasian Crossroads. A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press 2007, pp. 263ff.
    Myrdal, Jan: The Silk Road. Wiesbaden: FA Brockhaus 1981, p. 254f. Ishakov is erroneously called "Markow", Zunun Taipow appears as "Sulungtaiew".
    Rossabi, Morris: China and Inner Asia. London: Thames and Hudson 1975, pp. 278f.
    See the May 29 riot on the Chinese language Wikipedia.
    1962: 伊塔 事件 —— 边民 离境 引 纷争.法制 晚报, 林 晨 音, February 2009, accessed June 21, 2013 (Chinese).
  7. 马尔 果 夫 • 伊斯哈科夫. Baidu online encyclopedia, December 2012, accessed July 9, 2013 (Chinese).
  8. 伊 里 旦 • 伊斯哈科夫: 来自 伏尔加 河畔 ~ 塔塔尔族. 云南 人民出版社, Kunming 2003. ISBN 7-222-03875-2 .