Maria Fitzen resident

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler (born July 31, 1908 in Heilbronn , † January 9, 1989 in Vico Equense , Campania , Italy ) was a German ceramist , graphic artist , painter and writer .

Life

Childhood and youth

Maria was born on July 31, 1908 as the only daughter of the residential settlers at Staufenbergstrasse No. 1 in Heilbronn. The parents came from small farmers. They originally came from Hohenlohe and moved to Heilbronn around the turn of the century. In 1907, his father was granted citizenship in Heilbronn and worked as a beer coach.

In 1915 she was initially a student at the Rosenau School . In 1917 she received a scholarship and was then able to attend the nine-grade girls' middle school in the port market. She first completed a two-year apprenticeship as a clerk at the food manufacturer Knorr . Since 1926 she took distance learning and studied 700 autodidactic tasks related to perspective, body proportions and ornamentation. Between 1927 and 1934 she created commercial graphics for companies such as the Wolko shoe factory , Deutsche Linoleumwerke and Bleyle. She married the typographer Peter Fitzen in 1931 . In 1935 she won first prize in the Schwäbisches Schaffen poster competition .

Professional background

From November 1934 she trained as a ceramist in a pottery workshop in Besigheim under the master there, Hermann Hoyle. Starting in 1939, she brought her work with clay to the pottery in the reserve hospital in Heilbronn Jägerhausstrasse when she was employed as the Red Cross sister MAWO . After initial hesitation, this form of therapy gave many war invalids new courage to face life. An arm injured person commented on the therapeutic measure with clay and clay : "Every successful work was encouragement that you can do many things with just one hand, even with just a few fingers, that you never thought possible." The results of the therapeutic pottery work has documented Fitzen-Wohnsiedler in words and pictures. Her manuscript Kleingeld aus dem Lazarett was printed as a small book by the Red Cross Presidium in Berlin, but the edition fell victim to a bomb attack on Berlin. Shortly afterwards, she was commissioned by the Red Cross Presidium to create a manuscript for a full-length film. The subject of the film should be the human side of the war invalids and their creative work with sound. However, the Propaganda Ministry vetoed it. Quote: "The manuscript violates the Führer principle, it is claimed that the individual himself knows what to do."

In 1945 she opened a ceramics workshop in Heilbronn, where she a. a. Wedding plates, family crests, tiled stove parts, building elements and garden figures created. In 1956 she was able to expand the structure of her now very successful workshop. From 1959 she was a member of the Künstlerbund Heilbronn . After her husband died in 1962, she closed her ceramics workshop at the end of 1963 in order to devote herself primarily to painting, which she learned herself. In 1965 she handed over her ceramic collection to the Heilbronn Historical Museum and moved to southern Italy. Despite the change of residence, which u. a. had something to do with her dissatisfaction with the post-war development in Heilbronn, she remained connected to her hometown with numerous exhibitions. From 1970 she also appeared as an author of poetry books and short stories.

Works (selection)

Planning for an exhibition pavilion in the Heilbronn Harmoniegarten (1948)

Since 1946 Fitzen-Wohnsiedler had been a member of the Heilbronn artists' guild, for which they planned an “ephemeral exhibition pavilion” in the harmony garden. The site of the former art association on the corner of Allee and Moltkestrasse was planned as the location for the exhibition pavilion, with the pavilion being given a square area (4.3 × 4.3 m). The room should be divided diagonally and the building should be given a tiled hip roof. Large shop windows were to be created on the front and south sides of the building. The building plan and 20 square meters of building space on the corner of Allee and Moltkestrasse have been approved by the local council.

Wall fountain in the Elly-Heuss-Knapp-Gymnasium in Heilbronn (1952)

In 1952 she won a competition for the wall fountain in the Elly-Heuss-Knapp-Gymnasium (today: Mönchsee-Gymnasium). This was the first time a combination of ceramic and marble stone was used. A stone mosaic for the wall fountain was created in the entrance hall in 1954.

Grape fountain
Sculpture Brunnen-Büble (1952)

Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler delivered a design for the grape fountain in Heilbronn in 1952, showing the 1.2 m high figure of a boy ("Brunnen-Büble") holding a grape up with his right hand and the lowest with his mouth Grapes to eat. He is holding a bowl of fruit in his left arm. The figure stands on a 1.2 m high, goblet-shaped fountain bowl. The design was implemented by Robert Grässle .

The fountain was abandoned in the meantime and stood on Uhlandplatz on Wollhausstrasse with no boys eating grapes. As part of a redesign of Uhlandplatz in spring 2016, the grape eater fountain that is in need of renovation is to be removed.

Well for the Kurmittelhaus in Bad Wimpfen

The fountain she designed for the Kurmittelhaus in Bad Wimpfen shows a girl sitting on the floor pouring water from a jug. The work consists of colored ceramic parts laid in cement.

Gallery in Café Noller in Heilbronn (1957)

In 1957 the Heilbronn Café Noller had its gallery on the first floor decorated with ceramic mosaics by Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler.

Fountain of the Wartberg School in Heilbronn (1959)

In addition to the fountain system in the entrance hall of the Heilbronn Wartberg School , she also designed the ceramic mosaics in the hallways and in the entrance hall of the school together with Peter Jakob Schober . The wall of the entrance hall is held in a strong ultramarine blue, on which there are aquatic animals, some of which are made of golden ceramic mosaic stones. This kind of playful scattering of motifs was very common in Heilbronn in the 1950s.

The art and architecture historian and head of the Lower Monument Preservation Authority of the city of Heilbronn, Joachim J. Hennze, comments: “Particular emphasis was placed on the artistic design: The restrained colors in the classrooms respond to strong wall paintings and reliefs in the corridors. They were designed by Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler, Peter Jakob Schober and Gottfried Gruner . "

Well bowl of the seven-tube fountain in Heilbronn (1960)

In 1960 she designed the fountain bowl of the reconstructed historic Heilbronn seven-tube fountain with colored stones and crystals.

Literary works

  • Romania trip (poems, 1970)
  • Short stories from old Heilbronn (1980)
  • sung and whistled (poems, 1982)
  • Side impressions in verses (poems)
  • Originals in the industrial age (autobiography)

Participation in exhibitions

In 1958, Fitzen-Wohnsiedler produced the 62 × 50 cm watercolor Engel in der Großstadt . The painting hangs in the municipal museums in Heilbronn. In 1965 the local council bought seven paintings from Maria. The themes of these pictures are the post-war period and people in need.

  • Exhibition October 1964 in the premises of the Klugowski nursery in Flein An experiment :

44 pictures are exhibited, with many monotypes. Themes are the symbolic representation of human or natural events.

  • Exhibition October 1966 in the rooms of the Kunsthaus Reim in Heilbronn New watercolors from Italy :

The majority of them are watercolors and watercolored drawings that the Kunsthaus Reim is showing. A picture published in the press shows: Mezzogiorno , a drawing in watercolors.

Gerhard Binder complements the vernissage with a slide show and says: "With Maria Fitzen the impulse comes first, and with her I am quite inclined to accept the word of it-paints-me , which is overused in modern times [...] We should look at the whole exhibition like a diary in which all pages are open to us, in which we are allowed to leaf through without hesitation. We are happy to note that individual pages can be removed from this diary for a small amount of compensation. "

  • Exhibition September 13th to September 30th 1971 in the Historisches Museum Heilbronn Impressions from the south :

The paintings in the exhibition represent life in a world full of colors, light and happiness, such as the map reader , Notturno , Am Olivenhang and terrace in Positano . Cubism or Impressionism mean visitor, but Maria describes her painting style as Impressionist Expressionism . A painting that Maria calls her favorite picture, The Death of Bajazzo , depicts a dead Bajazzo. Maria sees the dead clown, a ridiculed figure, as the result and symbol of human decadence in dealing with one another.

  • Exhibition October 22 to November 7, 1974 at the Kunsthaus Paul Reim Heilbronn, works from sunny days
  • Exhibition October 22, 1974 in the foyer of the Heilbronner Harmonie Sketches from a trip to Tunisia :

Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler describes with felt pen and in color pictures the impressions she was able to collect during a nine-day trip to Tunisia. Her drawings of people, whom she knows how to depict in brief, masterly lines, are remarkable. For Maria it is important to reproduce the undestroyed world of Tunisia, a "last world without technology".

  • Exhibition from October 22nd to October 29th 1974 in the Heilbronner Bankverein in the Kaiserstraße International Composition
  • Exhibition from October 23 to November 1, 1976 in the evangelical parish hall in Flein:

Light experiences from the south, happiness but also tragedy and contemporary satire are subjects of her pictures in this exhibition. Colorful pictures that tell of light and sun are Maria's genre pictures, like the crochet woman , breakfast in the hotel .

Tragedy and time satire are the motto of other pictures of Maria. A painting that Maria calls her favorite picture, The Death of Bajazzo , depicts a dead Bajazzo. Nevertheless, the picture is colorful and bright. Birgit Wiedman-Kroll tragedy that this Bajazzo was dead. The Bajazzo fulfills the task of crying and laughing for the crowd on behalf of all artists. When the laughed Bajazzo died, however, there would be no one left to be laughed at on behalf of others, and great weeping would begin. Another painting by Maria The Feast of the Big Fish is dominated by contemporary satire . Birgit Wiedmann-Kroll mentions ballerinas in the picture, who delight the “big heads” and “stock exchange colleagues” who are driven by chauffeurs and “use up the money of savers”. The spiral of life describes an infant that is thrown out of the cosmos and the illusion shows a beautiful island, which, however, turns out to be a monster at second glance. In the picture Mr. and Mrs. Jonas you can see a couple of people who are harassed by the noise and suffering of technology.

Maria painted in oils and watercolors abroad and exhibited, exclusively in Heilbronn. When Jo Stotz said to her that "she grew like a flower in the field", Maria replied:

“ May the seed come from Hohenlohe, the field where it grew was Heilbronn! "

literature

  • 30 years of the Heilbronn Artists' Association, summer exhibition 1979 , p. 64/65.
  • Andreas Pfeiffer (editor): Heilbronn and the art of the 50s. The art scene in Heilbronn in the 1950s. Situations from everyday life, traffic and architecture in Heilbronn in the 50s . Harwalik, Reutlingen 1993, ISBN 3-921638-43-7 ( Heilbronner museum catalog . 43rd series Städtische Galerie )
  • Uwe Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2001, ISBN 3-86134-703-2
  • MARIA FITZEN-WOHNSIEDLER - originally self-taught - reports on her creative period as a ceramist in Heilbronn 1935-1963 , 71 Heilbronn, 80 069 Vico Equense, Napoli - Italia, Herbert Maring print shop, 6969 Hardheim, 1984

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Date of death according to Heilbronn city archive , collection of contemporary history, s. [1] , call number ZS-10097
  2. ↑ a b c d e Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler. Portrait of an artist between Heilbronn and Vico Equense . In: Heilbronner Voice of July 30, 1988, weekly supplement No. 30, p. 1
  3. ↑ Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn (see literature), p. 47: MAWO gives many new courage
  4. ^ Pfeiffer (editor): Heilbronn and the art of the 50s (see literature), p. 119
  5. ^ Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn (see literature), p. 56: September 2nd, 1952: Sculpture Brunnen-Büble by Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler on Uhlandplatz
  6. ↑ Gertrud Schubert: Ade grape eaters. The Uhlandplatz is being rebuilt. The parking spaces and the fountain figure disappear. In: Heilbronn voice . March 29, 2016 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on March 29, 2016]).
  7. ^ Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn (see literature), p. 61: With gallery
  8. ^ Pfeiffer (editor): Heilbronn and the art of the 50s (see literature), p. 163
  9. ^ Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim J. Hennze: Stille Zeitzeugen. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture . Edition Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 , page 40
  10. ↑ Fountain bowl with glittering and colored stones. In: Heilbronner Voice of June 3, 1960
  11. ^ Pfeiffer (editor): Heilbronn and the art of the 50s (see literature), p. 156, fig. 198
  12. ↑ The city buys Fitzen ceramics . In: Heilbronner Voice of September 10, 1965, No. 209, p. 13
  13. ↑ Heilbronn artist exhibits in Flein . In: Heilbronner Voice of October 7, 1964, No. 232, p. 13
  14. ↑ New watercolors by Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler . In: Heilbronner Voice of October 17, 1966, No. 240, p. 12
  15. ↑ Frank confession of romanticism . In: Heilbronner Voice of September 11, 1971, No. 209, p. 16
  16. ↑ a b c Once again in Heilbronn: Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler . In: Heilbronner Voice of October 22, 1974, No. 245, page
  17. ↑ Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler exhibits . In: Heilbronner Voice of October 22, 1976, No. 244, p. 20
  18. ↑ Birgit Wiedman-Kroll: Maria Fitzen-Wohnsiedler for the last time? Light experience in pictures . In: Heilbronner Voice of October 29, 1976, No. 250, p.
personal data
SURNAME Fitzen resident, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES MAWO
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ceramist, graphic artist, painter and writer
DATE OF BIRTH July 31, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Heilbronn
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1989
Place of death Vico Equense