Mariandyner

The Mariandyner or Mariandynoi ( ancient Greek Μαριανδυνοί, Μαριανδηνοί or Μαρυανδυνοί ) were originally a Palai-speaking , ancient population on the southern coast of the Black Sea . Later overlaid by immigrant Thracian peoples, they settled between Bithynia and Paphlagonia in a land called Mariandynia, which is bordered in the west by the watershed between Sangarios and Hypios, in the east by the lower reaches of the Billaios and Paphlagonia, in the south by Abant and Köroglu Daglari. Their coast formed the sinus Mariandynus , the Mariandynian Gulf. Strabo counts them to the Bithynians or the Paphlagonians, while Herodotus separates them from the Bithynians and the Thracian tribe of the Thynen and calls their armament Paphlagonian.

The area was linked to the Herakles saga several times . He stood under the Argonauts the Mariandynern against Bebryker in - fighting, to which the mariandynische Threnos was returned. The Marian Dynasty King Daskylos or his son Lykos took the hero in when he was looking for Hippolyte's belt . After all, the entrance to the underworld was to be found on the territory of the Mariandynians, and Heracles went down there into the Acherousian cave to fetch the Kerberos .

Around 560 BC BC Megarians founded the city of Herakleia Pontike on the territory of the Mariandynians , drove them into the hinterland in several wars and transferred them to a slave-like status compared to the Helots for some time . After Kroisos had expanded his empire to the Halys , the Mariandynians belonged to the subjugated peoples. In the Persian Empire they were part of the third satrapy called Katpatuka and were subject to tribute. Under the leadership of the Gobryas , the Mariandynians took over 480 BC. In the procession of Xerxes .

literature

• Walther Ruge : Mariandynoi. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XIV, 2, Stuttgart 1930, Sp. 1747-1749.
• Konrat Ziegler : Mariandynoi. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 3, Stuttgart 1969, column 1024 f.
• Uwe Heinemann: City history in Hellenism. The local historical predecessors and models of Memnon of Herakleia. Utz, Munich 2010, pp. 201–208

Remarks

1. ↑ Strabon 12, 3, 4.
2. ↑ Stephanos of Byzantium sv Μαριανδυνία ; see. also Strabo 12, 4, 1, who settled them in the very east of Bithynia.
3. ↑ Skylax 34.
4. ↑ Pliny , Naturalis historia 6, 1.
5. ↑ Strabon 12, 3, 4.
6. ↑ Strabon 8, 3, 17.
7. ↑ Herodotus, Historien 7, 72.
8. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 2, 5, 9
9. ↑ Aeschylus , The Persians 937.
10. ↑ Apollonios of Rhodes , Argonautika 2, 775-791; Scholion to Apollonios of Rhodes, Argonautika 2, 724. 752.
11. ↑ Apollonios of Rhodes, Argonautika 2, 351–353.
12. ↑ Pomponius Mela 1, 103; Pliny, Naturalis historia 27, 4.
13. ↑ Pausanias 5:26 , 7; Justin 16, 3.
14. ↑ Plato , Nomoi 6, 776d; Strabo 12, 3, 4; Athenaios , Deipnosophistae 6, 263d.
15. ↑ Herodotus, Histories 1, 28.
16. ↑ Herodotus, Historien 3, 90.
17. ↑ Herodotus, Historien 7, 72.