Marienborn
|
Marienborn
Sommersdorf municipality
|
||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Height : | 165 m | |
| Area : | 9.98 km² | |
| Residents : | 504 (Dec. 31, 2008) | |
| Population density : | 51 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2010 | |
| Postal code : | 39365 | |
| Area code : | 039400 | |
Location of Marienborn in Saxony-Anhalt |
||
Marienborn is a district of the municipality of Sommersdorf in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt .
geography
Marienborn is located on a ridge that extends to the south of the Lappwald over the Hohe Holz to Oschersleben (Bode) . East of Marienborn the area drops to the upper Allertal , west to the Schöninger Aue. Near Marienborn, the Rodenberg reaches 207 m above sea level. NN , the Fuchsberge 202 m above sea level. NN. The Lower Saxony city of Helmstedt is 8 km and Magdeburg approx. 40 km away. In the west, the district of Marienborn does not border on Lower Saxony, which the name of the former Marienborn border crossing suggests; in between are the districts of Harbke , Morsleben and Sommersdorf .
history
Marienborn is one of the historically oldest pilgrimage sites in Germany. The Virgin Mary appeared here to a pious shepherd around the year 1000 (at a time when important trade routes such as the “Bierweg” led through the “Mordthal”) . At the end of the 12th century , where a statue of the Virgin Mary is said to have fallen from heaven and, according to tradition, a hospital and asylum for the poor , a spring ("Marienborn") with healing properties rose up.
The historical surroundings of Marienborn include prehistoric barrows , sacrificial stones and places of worship such as the "Teufelsgrund" and the "Räuberhauptmanns-Höhle" ( Robber Captain Rose ).
Service people and craftsmen settled after the monastery, so that at the beginning of the 17th century there were 30 houses in the place, some of which were used by two or three families. However, in the course of the Thirty Years War , the village was looted and devastated and for a time it was completely deserted.
In 1750 there was only a Vorwerk of the Marienborn monastery in Marienborn . A village had not yet formed from it.
On the other hand, in 1785 a village called Marienborn, which was subordinate to the monastery. In addition to six colonist apartments, there were 52 fireplaces at that time . The upper court was exercised by the Sommerschenburg office , while the lower courts were exercised by the monastery courts. The entire community had to do 300 days of forced labor a year. A coal mine , which was established in 1781 and in which private individuals from Magdeburg and Neu-Haldensleben had invested, was shut down due to insufficient sales. In addition to farming and cattle breeding, the inhabitants made their living from handicrafts and day labor . Until 1806 Marienborn belonged to the 2nd district of the Holzkreis in the Duchy of Magdeburg .
Since the opening of the Braunschweig – Magdeburg railway on September 15, 1872, Marienborn has had a train station .
On January 1, 2010, the previously independent community of Marienborn was incorporated into Sommersdorf.
Population development
| year | Residents 1 |
|---|---|
| 1781 | 273 |
| 2003 | 511 |
| 2004 | 512 |
| 2005 | 516 |
| 2006 | 511 |
| 2007 | 523 |
| 2008 | 504 |
1 Population as of December 31st.
(Sources: State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt)
politics
mayor
The last mayor of the Marienborn community was Frank Frenkel.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved by the district on April 20, 2006.
Blazon : “In green, growing out of a bricked golden fountain with a blue fountain, the golden crowned Mother of God with a golden robe and flesh-colored face and hands, on her right arm the golden nimbly, flesh-colored child Jesus with a golden orb in his right hand, her left hand blessing over the fountain stretched out. "
The colors of the place - derived from the main coat of arms and shield color - are: yellow - green.
The talking coat of arms , which reflects the place name and appearance, is probably the most distinctive thing that has accompanied the place in the past and future.
Attractions
St. Marien Monastery Church
Lady Chapel
Marienquelle
The treasures of the place include the collegiate church of the monastery from around 1200 with cloister (built in the 15th century) and carved and gilded winged altars, the rectory, the orangery reminiscent of a Roman temple and the well chapel, by the Brunswick court architect Peter Joseph Krahe ( 1758–1840) built on old foundations. Historical connecting lines also point to the Marienberg monastery near Helmstedt. In 1895 the collegiate church was renovated and rebuilt under the direction of Paul Lehmgrübner . In sharp contrast are the ruins and broken roofs of the extensive former monastery and manor , which was structurally damaged in 40 years as an agricultural production cooperative (LPG).
GDR border crossing point
When the inner-German border was established in the summer of 1945 , the victorious Allied powers established the Helmstedt-Marienborn border crossing. In the early 1970s , the GDR expanded the border crossing point (GÜST) into a fortress on the transit route between the Federal Republic and West Berlin for around 70 million East Marks . Most recently, 1000 GDR border soldiers, customs officers, Stasi employees and civilian employees were on duty at the 35 hectare largest European border crossing . From 1984 to 1989 they handled around 10.5 million cars and motorcycles, 4.9 million trucks and 140,000 buses - a total of 34.6 million travelers. Most East Germans only got to see the transition after the Wall had opened. With the economic and monetary union on July 1, 1990, the GÜST finally lost its function.
In the area of GÜST, the state of Saxony-Anhalt established the memorial to the division of the German Reich in Marienborn . The centerpiece of the memorial is the service building in which the “passport control unit” belonging to the Stasi used to sit. Today there is a documentation center here. The permanent exhibition deals with the causes of the division of Germany , the training of GDR border guards, attempts to escape, the systematic expansion and finally the dismantling of the wall and barbed wire.
All check-in buildings were built larger than necessary in order to intimidate the travelers, which the Stasi called " operational psychology ". The eye-catcher is a gray, roofed terminal with control houses in which Stasi employees photographed and registered every passport. A 60-meter-long rubber conveyor belt, on which the passports were transported to the actual control, was also renewed. There is also a control box in which the GDR customs checked West German vehicles when they left for prohibited goods or hidden GDR refugees, and even coffins were opened. Those responsible for the bulwark had an overview of the area from the “leadership tower”.
In 2009, in an essay in the magazine Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte by Karl Schlögel, a whole "Marienborn generation" was defined, which was shaped by the "Marienborn experience".
Memorial today
The state of Saxony-Anhalt is the sponsor of the memorial . After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the GDR border regime on Federal Motorway 2 can be modeled, while elsewhere in Germany there is hardly any evidence of separation to be seen. The memorial includes a permanent exhibition, which makes the history of the division and reunification of Germany a multimedia experience on two levels.
Marienborn, formerly a world-famous symbol of the division of Europe, has changed from a bulwark to a place of remembrance, political learning, and meeting. Today it is possible to visit this historical place, which covers an area of 7.5 hectares and has meanwhile been renovated to make it suitable for historical monuments.
References
- ↑ Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus Neletizi et Nudzici ... p. 599 (dcxxxvii)
- ^ Johann Friedrich Stiebritz: Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt ... Pagus Neletici et Nudzici ... 1785 p. 158
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
- ^ Johann Friedrich Stiebritz: Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt ... Pagus Neletici et Nudzici ... 1785 p. 158
- ↑ The coat of arms of the Marienborn community, documentation on the approval process , deposited in 2006 in the Magdeburg State Archive
- ↑ Original text
literature
Tempelhoff, Jana: Marienborn - place of pilgrimage, convent and noble women's monastery. A spiritual community as reflected in its chronicle (1191–1910) (Studies on the History and Culture of Central Germany, Vol. 4), Halle (Saale) 2017.
