Marija Pavlovna Romanowa (1890-1958)
Grand Duchess Marija Pawlowna Romanowa ( Russian Великая Княгиня Мария Павловна , scientific transliteration Velikaja Knjaginja Marija Pavlovna; * April 6th July / April 18th 1890 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † December 13th 1958 in Constance ) was a princess from the House of Romanow-Holstein-Gottorp .
Life
Marija Pavlovna was the only daughter of the Russian Grand Duke Pawel Alexandrowitsch Romanow (1860-1919) and his cousin and wife, Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (1870-1891). Her mother died at the age of 21 as a result of a fall on the banks of the Moscow River . Before that, she gave birth to her son Dimitri Pavlovich , seven months pregnant . She then fell into a coma and died six days later. During his marriage, her husband Pawel led a ménage a trois with the married Olga von Pistohlkors , who later became his second wife (1902).
Marija Pavlovna and her younger brother grew up with relatives, the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrowitsch Romanow and his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt . They were taught exclusively at home by governesses and tutors with the help of the library . In addition to geography , history , mathematics , art , dance and music , she also learned French , English and German . The French governess Mademoiselle Hélène was her constant companion until her wedding.
Pavlovna's foster father died on February 4, 1905 in a bomb attack carried out by Ivan Kalyayev , a terrorist of the revolutionary movement. After the year of mourning, his wife Elisabeth founded the Martha Maria Monastery in Moscow and headed it as abbess .
On May 3, 1908, Maria Pavlovna married the Swedish Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (1884-1965) and second son of King Gustav V of Sweden and his wife Viktoria of Baden in Tsarskoe Selo . From the marriage, which was initially happy according to all reports, the son Lennart Bernadotte (1909-2004), Duke of Småland and later Count Bernadotte af Wisborg , emerged.
Due to the many restrictions at the Swedish court and the frequent absence of her husband, who was an officer in the Navy, Maria Pavlovna became unbearable in Sweden . In 1913 she left her husband and son and went to Russia. Custody of her son remained with her husband and the son rarely saw his mother in the years that followed.
In his second marriage, Pavlovna married Prince Sergej Michajlowitsch Putiatin (1893–1966) on September 19, 1917. In 1918 she gave birth to her second son Roman Sergeyevich Prince Putiatin († 1919) in Saint Petersburg, then fled via the Ukraine to Romania and later lived in exile in Paris . Soon more Romanovs gathered there and cultivated Russian culture and arts and crafts, and Maria Pavlovna's work was recognized and awarded. In 1921 she founded the Kitmir Atelier , in which embroidered fabrics were made for the house of Chanel . Their second marriage ended in divorce in 1923. Around 1930, Marija Pavlovna left Paris for the United States . There she wrote her biography, which became a great success, and worked as a photographer and writer . After the death of her brother Dimitri Pawlowitsch in 1942, she moved to Argentina and settled in Buenos Aires . Here she worked as a doll painter and illustrator for cartoon characters and as a writer for an Argentine newspaper.
In 1952 Maria Pavlovna returned to Europe. At first she lived in Munich and regularly visited her son Lennart and his family on the island of Mainau . She spent the last months of her life in the Bellevue sanatorium in Kreuzlingen on Lake Constance. She died in a hospital in Konstanz in 1958 and was buried in the island's castle chapel next to her brother, Grand Duke Dmitri .
Works (selection)
- 1930 Education of a Princess - a Memoir
- 1932 A Princess in Exile
literature
- Gunna Wendt : From the Tsar's Palace to Coco Chanel. The Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna Romanowa . Insel-Verlag, Berlin 2013 (Insel-Taschenbuch 4197), ISBN 978-3-458-35897-8 .
- Susanne Buck: murderer, fashion, dowry hunter. Jonas Verlag, Weimar 2019, ISBN 978-3894455682
- Marion Mienert: Grand Duchess Marija Pavlovna. A life in the tsarist empire and emigration. On the change in aristocratic ways of life in the 20th century. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Oxford 2005, ISBN 3-631-53336-5 .
- John Curtis Perry and Constantine Pleshakov : The Flight of the Romanovs. Basic Books (1999) ISBN 0-465-02462-9 .
- Elizabeth Hugo Mager: Grand Duchess of Russia. Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc. (1998) ISBN 0-7867-0678-3 .
- Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko: A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra: Their Own Story. Doubleday (1997) ISBN 0-385-48673-1 .
- Charlotte Zeepvat: The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album. Sutton Publishing (2004) ISBN 0-7509-3049-7 .
- Nicolas Enache: La Descendance De Pierre Le Grand, Tsar De Russie , Sedopols, Paris 1983.
- Jacques Ferrand: Il est toujours des Romanov (Les Romanovs en 1995). Paris 1995.
- Lennart Bernadotte: ... a life for the Mainau. Verlag Friedr. Stadler, Konstanz 1996, ISBN 3-7977-0358-9 .
- Lennart Bernadotte: Good night, little prince. Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1978.
- Hans-Joachim Torke (Ed.): The Russian Tsars 1547–1917. Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-406-42105-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Buck, Susanne: murderer, fashion, dowry hunter . Jonas Verlag, Weimar 2019, p. 64-73 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Romanowa, Marija Pavlovna |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Мария Павловна (Russian); Maria Pavlovna |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Grand Duchess of Russia |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 18, 1890 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | St. Petersburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 13, 1958 |
| Place of death | Mainau |