Maria Pavlovna Chekhova

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Marija Pavlovna Chekhova (1882)

Marija Pavlovna Tschechowa [ tʃʲɛxəf (] russian Мария Павловна Чехова , scientific. Transliteration Marija Pavlovna Čechova ; born 19 jul. / 31 July  1863 greg. In Taganrog , Russia ; † 15. January 1957 in Yalta , Soviet Union ) was a Russian teacher , Author and museum director . Chekhova was the only sister of the writer and playwright Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) and administered his estate. She is an honorary citizen of the city of Yalta.

Life

Marija Chekhova was born on July 31, 1863 in the port city of Taganrog on the Azov Sea . Her parents both came from families of former serf farmers. Her father, Pawel Jegorowitsch Chekhov (1825–1898) had a small shop, which he lost in 1876 through bankruptcy . Chekhova grew up with four older ones - Alexander (1855–1913), Nikolai (1858–1889), Anton, Iwan (1861–1922) and the younger brother Michail (1865–1936) and received like them a good education.

Chekhova's room in Moscow

After attending a high school for girls, in 1886 Chekhova became a teacher of history and geography at the private Rzhevskaya high school for girls in Moscow . She was also artistically gifted and in the 1880s attended the drawing school founded by Count Stroganow (today Stroganow Academy ). The painters Konstantin Alexejewitsch Korowin , Valentin Alexandrowitsch Serow and Alexandra Alexandrovna Chotjainzewa were her teachers. The painter Isaak Ilyich Levitan , a friend of the Chekhov family, repeatedly praised her landscapes .

After the death of her brother Anton, Chekhova gave up teaching in 1904. With her mother, widowed since 1898, she ran the family houses in Moscow and Yalta. She spent the summer half of the year in the Crimea to get "the white dacha " that she had inherited. During the winter months she lived in Moscow and worked on her brother's estate. Chekhova later moved to Yalta with her mother.

Chekhov Museum Yalta

Chekhova's work laid the foundation for the first Chekhov Museum, which opened in Moscow in 1921. The following year she became director of the Chekhov Museum in Yalta for life . From 1926 until the 1980s, the white dacha was a branch of the Lenin State Library . After earthquake damage in 1927, the building was completely renovated the following year. With her brother Michail she worked out a museum guide.

During the Second World War , the museum could not be evacuated. According to a representation by Alexander Sinichev, Olga Chekhova asked the Führer to protect the museum during the occupation of Crimea.

Maria Pavlovna Chekhova died on January 15, 1957 in Yalta. She was buried in the city's cemetery next to the graves of her mother Yevgenia Jakowlewna Chekhova (1835-1919) and her brother Mikhail Pavlovich.

Honors

Works (selection)

Chekhova's memories of her brother Anton appeared after her death. They have been translated into several languages. She published letters from her brother in 1909 and her letters to him appeared in 1954. Together with her brother Mikhail P. Chekhov, she published a museum guide to the white dacha , which was first published in 1937.

  • “Из далекого прошлого”. Moscow 1960.
  • With Mikhail P. Chekhov: «Дом-музей А.П. Чехова в Ялте ». 7 editions, Moscow 1937–1963.
  • «Письма А.П. Чехова ». Moscow 1909–1913.
  • «Письма к брату А.П. Чехову ». Moscow 1954–1964.

literature

  • Е. А. Шапочка: "Чехова Мария Павловна". In: «Энциклопедия Таганрога». Taganrog 1998, ISBN 5-88040-017-4 , p. 538.
  • Georgi P. Berdnikow: Anton Chekhov - A biography . People and Knowledge, Berlin 1985.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ In the Chekhov Museum opened in 1954.
  2. ↑ anton-chehov.info: “Мария Павловна Чехова (1863–1957)” (Russian, accessed April 9, 2020)
  3. ↑ Alexander Sinitschew: The secrets of the actress Olga Chekhova . In: Moskauer Deutsche Zeitung (June 11, 2002)
personal data
SURNAME Chekhova, Marija Pavlovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chekhova, Maria; Чехова, Мария Павловна (Russian spelling); Čechova, Marija Pavlovna (scientific transliteration)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian teacher, author and museum director
DATE OF BIRTH July 31, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Taganrog , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1957
Place of death Yalta , Soviet Union