Martin Bussart

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Martin Bussart , also Bossart , Bußhart , Bussert or Master Morten Stenhugger (* probably before 1500 ; † 1553 in Copenhagen ) was a royal Danish builder and sculptor.

Live and act

Bussart worked as one of several master builders who, especially in the first decades of the 16th century, accompanied the construction of monumental buildings for the Danish royal family. Most of them were people from the Netherlands and Germany. Danish builders in royal service are rare at this time.

According to the Danish historian Vilhelm Lorenzen , Bussart had a relationship with Canon Nikolaus Bussard at Hamburg Cathedral , who was occasionally referred to as "Bustorp". He stated Neumünster as the place of origin in the Rostock register . His name could also be related to Bustrup or the Büsdorf estate in Schwansen . Historians speculated that Husum could have been the place of birth, but this cannot be proven due to the lack of baptismal registers, which only existed from 1605. Based on its name, it can be assumed that Bussart came from Lower Germany.

Before 1523 Bussart married Bodil Mikkelsen, whose father Hans Mikkelsen was a mayor of Malmö and whose mother was called Elsebet. The first documented mention of the builder dates back to December 23, 1523, when he asked Frederick I to keep the house in Copenhagen that his wife had inherited. The request was related to the takeover of the Danish capital by the new king, who had taken it over from the fugitive Christian II . Bussard got the house despite his father-in-law Hans Mikkelsen, who had been faithful to Christian II. During the count's feud , he mediated between the warring parties and thereby won the trust of Christian III.

Bussard owned a remarkable number of houses. In addition to the building in Copenhagen, Frederick I gave him a fief in 1529 on the Slangerup monastery , which was owned by the king and the Danish crown. This can be seen as a high royal honor and was probably related to work for Friedrich I during his time in Gottorf . Also in 1529 Bussart acquired the manor house in Husum, which he built with the consent of Christian III. on June 21, 1543 to Olde Detlef Ebsen. In 1537 Bussart bought a house in Malmö from royal ownership. In 1547 he also owned a house in Copenhagen.

Bussart explicitly bore the title of "Builder of His Royal Majesty" for the first time in 1529. As can be seen from the name "Morten Stenhugger", he also worked as a stonemason and sculptor. The last document documenting his life is dated February 23, 1551. He probably died during the first half of 1553.

Buildings

Bussart built their castles on a royal commission. These included the Malmo , castle Koldinghus , Sønderborg Castle and Castle Nyborg . Presumably he also worked at Gottorf Castle and in Tondern , but there is no evidence for this. Only in 1542 the construction of a powder chamber in the bakery tower of Copenhagen Castle and a nearby armory is documented.

Together with Jakob Binck , Bussart designed the Krempe fortresses in 1549/50 . In 1547 he led the craftsmen who worked at Aalborghus Castle . Vilhelm Lorenzen therefore came to the conclusion that Bussart was actually responsible for the construction of the castle.

Bussart created the style of the Renaissance mansion. The first works were Hesselagergård Manor (1538) and Rygaard, both owned by the Danish Chancellor Johan Friis . According to Otto Norn , Jacob Binck designed the arched gable of Hesselagergård. Also known is the octagonal spire of Aarhus Cathedral from 1550.

Funerary monuments

In addition to buildings for the Danish royal family, Bussart worked for the nobility. He primarily designed larger grave monuments as a sculptor. Based on the way he works, it can be assumed that he learned the trade in southern Germany and then initially worked for Claus Berg .

Known graves of Bussart are:

  • Between around 1541 and 1545: Tombs in Lund, including the tombstone Sparre in Lund Cathedral .
  • around 1522: a stone from Copenhagen Castle with a picture of Queen Elisabeth , today in the Danish National Museum.
  • After 1530: graves of prelates and nobles in Antvorskow and Ringstedt .
  • 1536: the grave slab of Bishop Absalon von Lund in the monastery church in Sorø .
  • After 1540: graves in Fyrendal , Sonderburg , around 1534/44 in Strövelstorp and Valløby .
  • 1550: a memorial for Moritz Oluffsen Krognos in Ringstedt.
  • 1551: a memorial for Bishop Stygge Krumpen in Mariager .

literature

References and comments

  1. ↑ Bustorp, Nikolaus. In: Lexicon of Hamburg writers up to the present /… elaborated. by Hans Schröder…, Volume 1, Hamburg 1851, No. 0544 ( uni-hamburg.de ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and Archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / schroeder.sub.uni-hamburg.de
  2. ^ Entry 1482
  3. ↑ Figure
  4. ↑ Figure
  5. ↑ Figure
personal data
SURNAME Bussart, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bossart, Martin; Busshart, Martin; Bussert, Martin; Stenhugger, Master Morten
BRIEF DESCRIPTION royal Danish builder
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: before 1500
DATE OF DEATH 1553
Place of death Copenhagen