Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta

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Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta

Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta (born September 20, 1727 in Santiago , Chile , † February 26, 1811 ibid) - in some sources also: Mateo de Toro y Zambrano - was a Creole officer and politician in Chile. In 1810 he was the last Spanish governor of Chile, and until his death in 1811 he headed the first government junta of Chile.

Life

Origin and youth

According to the Santiago register of baptisms, he was baptized in the name of Matheo . His father was Carlos José de Toro-Zambrano y Escobar, his mother Jerónima de Ureta y Prado. The family was of aristocratic origin and belonged to the rich upper class of Santiago de Chile . They were largely related to the Carrera family.

Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta married María Nicolasa de Valdés y de la Carrera on May 3, 1751 , with whom he had ten children.

Career

Toro Zambrano made a steep career in colonial administration. He was stage manager in the city administration of Santiago, later he acted as community leader (Spanish: alcalde ) of Santiago and as a staff officer in the General Capitanate of Chile . He achieved the rank of field marshal . In the exercise of his office, he was considered dutiful and correct.

Elevation to the nobility

Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta, Conde de la Conquista .

With a document dated March 6, 1770, he was raised to the rank of count ( Conde de la Conquista ). Associated with this was the naming as Viscount ( Vizcondado previo ). His eldest son José Gregorio inherited the title.

governor

On July 16, 1810, he took over the office of governor as the highest ranking officer in the area, after Francisco Antonio García Carrasco was forced to resign. He was the first governor ( Creole ) born in Chile .

At that time, the loyal Spaniards in the motherland had come together under a Junta Suprema Central while they fought against Napoleon , who had captured their King Ferdinand . In Chile, too, a political movement increasingly formed that wanted to convene a local junta. Toro Zambrano was 82 years old at the time and probably no longer had any great political ambitions. Under pressure from the juntistas , he called an open meeting on the rest of the government of Chile. This took place on September 18, 1810 in Santiago.

President of the government junta

The juntistas stormed the podium at the gathering and shouted, “We want a junta! We want a junta! ”(Spanish:" ¡Junta queremos! ¡Junta queremos! "). Toro Zambrano then put his staff on the table and shouted: "Here is the staff, take it and rule!" (Spanish: "He aquí el bastón. Disponed de él y del mando." )

The assembly then elected a government junta and made Toro Zambrano its president. His deputy was the Bishop of Santiago, José Martínez de Aldunate , who, at 79, was only slightly younger. Mateo Toro Zambrano died in office in Santiago on February 26, 1811. The Zambrano Ridge in Antarctica is named after him.

literature

  • José Toribio Medina: Toro Zambrano (Mateo de) . In: Ders: Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile . Imprenta Elzeviriana, Santiago de Chile 1906, pp. 869-870. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Archivo Parroquial El Sagrario, Libro de Bautismos 16, fojas 54.
  2. José Toribio Medina: Toro Zambrano (Mateo de) . In: Ders: Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile . Imprenta Elzeviriana, Santiago de Chile 1906, p. 869.
  3. José Toribio Medina: Toro Zambrano (Mateo de) . In: Ders: Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile . Imprenta Elzeviriana, Santiago de Chile 1906, p. 870.
  4. Armando de Ramón, Juan Ricardo Couyoumdjian, Samuel Vial: Ruptura del viejo orden hispanoamericano (= Historia de América , Vol. 2). Editorial Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 1993. ISBN 956-13-1126-7 . P. 136.