Max Apffelstaedt

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Max Franz Apffelstaedt (born March 4, 1863 in Münster , † June 18, 1950 in Bad Salzuflen ) was a German dentist , art collector and activist under National Socialism . He was the founding director of the University Dental Clinic in Münster.

Life

Max Apffelstaedt was the son of the businessman Albert Apffelstaedt from Münster and his wife Katharina, born Friday. According to family tradition, his ancestors come from Thuringia and were raised to the nobility by the Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 1742 .

After attending secondary school, Apffelstaedt went to the royal academy there and began studying art history, archeology and modern languages ​​in Münster, Berlin and Göttingen until 1889/1890. This was followed by a stay in England, where he became a teacher at St. John's College in London in 1890 . After returning to Germany in 1891 he began studying dentistry in Munich, Berlin and Chicago. In June 1893 he passed the dental examination and received his license to practice medicine , whereupon he settled down as a dentist in Münster in September 1893. The art historian Hanns Joachim Apffelstaedt (1902–1944) was his second oldest son.

Dental career

In 1900 he carried out a series of dental examinations on around 1000 children from Münster and the surrounding area. In 1907 he received a teaching position at the University of Münster, where in 1908 he was the initiator and director of the dental “Institute iE” (“in development”), which was newly founded in the same year. In 1914, after the war began, he independently set up a department for head and jaw injuries in the Schützenhof reserve hospital in Münster. In 1918 he became adjunct professor in Münster, and in January 1922 a scheduled associate professor, although he was only promoted to Dr. med. dent. PhD from the University of Hamburg . In November 1926 he became a full professor . In March 1929 he retired and worked from then on in his own practice in Münster. His practice was destroyed towards the end of World War II. His escape led him to Bad Salzuflen , where he lived until his death in 1950. His grave is in the central cemetery in Münster.

Work or research focus

Dental surgery ; surgical prosthetics ; dental radiology , radium treatment, and high frequency currents ; School dental care ; Malformations of the jaws and teeth; University history ; Theater and visual arts . Founder of the "Apffelstaedtschen caste system", a new method of dental bridge work, which is recognized worldwide . His "Atlas and plan of the deformities of the jaws and teeth" is considered to be the first central work on dental teratology in the German-speaking area.

Art collector

Apffelstaedt was an important art collector (especially Old Westphalian art) and a benefactor who liked to invest. He worked as a poet and was a member of the "Literary Club" in Münster. He was in close contact with Hermann Löns and the brothers Julius and Heinrich Hart as well as with some artists from the Stadttheater in Münster. He was also active as an art and theater critic and was the administrator of Löns' estate.

time of the nationalsocialism

Max Apffelstaedt joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) on May 1, 1933 (at the age of 70 ) (membership number 2.167.419). In the same year he became a member of the National Socialist German Lecturer Association , the National Socialist German Student Association , and from 1935 the Reich Literature Chamber and the Reich Chamber of Culture . He was a co-founder of the Kampfbund for German Culture and, immediately after the election of Adolf Hitler, a representative of the Ministry of Culture for Münster. He belonged to the Association of Old Fraternity Members of Münster and was the founder of the Association of German Dentists in Westphalia . The Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster granted him honorary citizenship in 1943. A street in Münster was named after him. A renaming of the street will be requested from February 19, 2020 by the SPD parliamentary group in the district representation west of the city of Münster.

estate

Max Apffelstaedt's estate is now administered in the Münster University Library.

honors and awards

  • Iron Cross 2nd class on a black and white ribbon (for services in the First World War)
  • 1943 honorary citizen of the Westphalian Wilhelms University
  • 1943 honorary member of the German Dental Association (appointed by "Reichszahnärzteführer" Ernst Stuck )
  • 1949 honorary member of the Dental Lecturer Association
  • Honorary member of the Dental Association for East Frisia
  • "Honorary officer" of the city of Münster
  • 1979 (posthumously) namesake of the (still existing) "Apffelstaedtstraße" in Münster-West
  • several honorary memberships in dental associations

Works (selection)

33 publications, including others on the Münster cultural scene:

  • About peculiar tooth structures, Dt. Mschr. Dentistry. 31 (1913), pp. 137-143;
  • New process for the production of facial sculptures, Dt. Mschr. Dentistry. 32: 45-54 (1914);
  • On the treatment of gunshot injuries while avoiding extra-intraoral bandages (diss.) (1922) - also in book form: About the treatment of gunshot injuries while avoiding extra-intraoral bandages (1923);
  • About the treatment of oral cancer with radium, Dt. Mschr. Dentistry. 45 (1927), pp. 865-874;
  • Aside from Rettebers hypothesis about the structure and origin of the enamel of the incisor teeth, Zahnärztl. Rdsch. 36 (1927), pp. 377f.
  • On the arsenic question, Zahnärztl. Rdsch. 37 (1928), pp. 1773-1780;
  • Atlas and plan of the deformities of the jaws and teeth (1928) (together with E. Herbst) - also as: Malformations of the Jaws and Teeth (1930) (together with E. Herbst);
  • The historical development of the University of Münster (1932);
  • Saint Apollonia, patron saint of dentists, ZM 25 (1934) (special issue), pp. 11–26;
  • Ideas and failures of a world child , Leipzig, 1940.
  • Artists' natures in the medical and dental profession, ZM 27 (1936), pp. 231–234; "Because we are driving towards Engelland": About the origin of the Löns sailor songs (1941)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Dominik Groß : Dentists in the “Third Reich” and in post-war Germany . An encyclopedia of persons in 2 volumes, Frank Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 2020, typescript
  2. ^ Max Apffelstaedt estate , University and State Library of Münster. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  3. ↑ Federal Archives R 9361-IX / 601166
  4. ↑ Federal Archives R 9361-V / 12708
  5. ↑ NS member out of firm conviction , Münstersche Zeitung, February 15, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  6. ↑ Apffelstaedtstrasse: SPD calls for renaming , Münstersche Zeitung, February 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  7. ↑ Entry at the ULB Münster
  8. ↑ An inquiry at the WWU revealed that honorary citizenship had expired upon death (here: 1950).
personal data
SURNAME Apffelstaedt, Max
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Apffelstaedt, Max Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German dentist and National Socialist
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Muenster
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1950
Place of death Bad Salzuflen