Max Clara

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Max Clara (born February 12, 1899 in Völs , † March 13, 1966 in Munich ) was an Austrian - German physician . He was a professor of anatomy at the Universities of Leipzig , Munich and Istanbul and was the first to describe the Clara cell (club cell), which was formerly named after him . Due to his activities in the NSDAP and the use of tissue of executives for his research, this name change took place in 2013.

Education and professional activities

From 1917 to 1918 Clara took part in the First World War. From 1918 to 1922 he studied medicine at the University of Innsbruck and at the University of Leipzig . During his studies he was active in the Corps Gothia Innsbruck , of which he belonged until his death. From 1922 to 1924 he was assistant for histology and developmental history in Innsbruck, where he also received his doctorate in 1923 . From 1924 to 1935 he worked as a general practitioner in Blumau near Bozen. In 1928 he received his habilitation for histology and general embryology at the University of Rome ; from 1928 to 1929 he worked as a private lecturer in medicine at the University of Padua .

From 1929 he was a corresponding member of the Museo di storia naturale della Venezia Tridentina in Trento and from 1930 a corresponding member of the Academia scientifica Veneto-Trentino-Istriana in Padua . From 1930 Clara was a full member of the "Internal Medicine" section of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina and from 1940 of the Saxon Academy of Sciences . In 1935 he received German citizenship and in the same year joined the NSDAP and the National Socialist German Lecturer Association .

From 1935 to 1942 Clara was a full professor of anatomy and director of the anatomical institute at the University of Leipzig. From 1936 to 1942 he was the Lecturer Association Leader at the University of Leipzig, 1941/42 he was the Acting Gaudo Lecturer Association Leader in Saxony. In 1938 Clara was the political leader of the German delegation at the International Anatomy Conference in Milan . From 1942 to 1945 he taught as a full professor of anatomy at the University of Munich. From 1944 onwards, Clara was still a member of the scientific advisory board of the authorized representative for health care Karl Brandt . According to Gerhard Aumüller , he was a particularly fanatical National Socialist.

After 1945 he was denazified as "exonerated" (Group V) and worked as a general practitioner and private scholar . From 1949 he was head of the department for experimental morphology at the Munich University Clinic. From 1950 Clara was employed as director of the Morphological Institute at the Medical Faculty of Istanbul University . From 1950 to 1952 he was also a foreign contract professor at the Istanbul Medical Faculty.

Publication (selection)

  • Human development history. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1938.
  • About the relationship between the epitel and the blood capillaries. In: Anatomischer Anzeiger . 1940 Vol. 90, No. 13/14, pp. 161–172 (including, inter alia, research on executed persons).
  • The human nervous system. Textbook for students and doctors . Leipzig 1942.
  • Determination of gender in humans . Leipzig 1943.
  • Goethe's concept of the archetype in the light of modern development history . Leipzig 1943.
  • The arterio-venous anastomoses. Anatomy, biology, pathology . Vienna 1956.
  • with Hildegard Debuch: Biochemistry of Fats and Lipoids, Methods of Lipid Histochemistry . Stuttgart 1965.
  • with Kurt Herschel, Helmut Ferner : Atlas of the normal microscopic human anatomy . Leipzig 1974.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard S. Irwin, Nicki Augustyn, Cynthia T. French, Jean Rice, Victoria Tedeschi: Spread the Word About the Journal in 2013: From Citation Manipulation to Invalidation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures to Renaming the Clara Cell to New Journal Features . In: Chest . tape 143 , no. 1 , January 1, 2013, p. 1-4 , doi : 10.1378 / chest.12-2762 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed August 4, 2016]).
  2. ^ Members of the SAW: Max Clara. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed on October 2, 2016 .
  3. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , pp. 93 f .
  4. ^ Max Clara in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
personal data
SURNAME Clara, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German anatomist, discoverer of the Clara cell
DATE OF BIRTH February 12, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Fiè allo Sciliar
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1966
Place of death Munich