Max to Solms

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Max Graf zu Solms (as an author), with full name Maximilian Ludwig Graf zu Solms-Rödelheim and Assenheim (born September 24, 1893 at Assenheim Castle in Wetterau , Hesse; † September 2, 1968 in Marburg ) was a German sociologist . He was active as a patron of the Assenheim Research Center in the sociological network of the Weimar Republic . After the Second World War , he presented a closed theory with sociology , but it did not prevail and was forgotten.

Life

He was born as the eldest child of Count Franz zu Solms-Rödelheim and Assenheim (1864–1923) and his wife Anastasia von Pappenheim (1863–1904). The child, who was motherless and lonely from 1904, passed the Abitur examination at the grammar school in Friedberg in 1913 . Solms began studying law in Heidelberg in 1913 (joining the feudal Corps Saxo-Borussia - leaving after one semester) and continued in Munich in 1914 , during this time with the oppressive attempt to follow the expectations of his family. With the outbreak of the First World War he volunteered, took part in the bloody initial battles in Flanders as a field officer, which was to traumatize him for life , was then a staff officer on the western and eastern front, was demobilized in 1918 and worked for half a year at the German embassy in The hague .

In 1920 he resumed his studies, now history and economics, in Marburg and continued in Munich from 1921-23 (history, economic history). From Leopold von Wiese he was directed to sociology , which was first established at German universities . In 1922 he married Princess Victoria zu Leiningen. The son Markwart (1925–1976) came from this marriage. After the death of his father in February 1923, Max zu Solms had to take over the family property. In the same month his stepmother Jenny, born in 1866, died. Countess of Castell-Castell.

However, he remained scientifically oriented and, as an applied sociologist, founded the “ Assenheim Research Center ” in 1924 , one of the first scholarly colleges in Germany, which he was able to maintain financially until 1932. In 1927 he was in Kiel with his mentor Ferdinand Tonnies Dr. phil. PhD. ( Diss. Form and framework of the human world , expanded printing in 1929 as the structure and structure of human groups, Part I ). He continued to publish and completed his habilitation in 1932 in Marburg for sociology (Habil. Leader appointment. Structure and structure of groups of people, Part II ). After the divorce from his first wife in 1937, he married Freda Elisabeth Benedigte von Gersdorff (from this marriage the second son Johann Georg Graf zu Solms-Rödelheim and Assenheim * 1938) and lived and taught in Marburg, where he even lived in 1941 (according to NS-Gaudozentenführer as “harmless”) “extraordinary professor”.

In July 1944 he, who had otherwise not published any texts since 1933, published the essay Forms of Interpersonal Life in the NSDAP newspaper Hamburger Tageblatt . Sociology as an exact subject . Two months earlier, Andreas Walther , who had retired for health reasons, had proposed Solms as his successor for the Sociology Chair at the University of Hamburg .

In 1946 he was one of the new founders of the German Society for Sociology , whose first post-war board he formed together with the President Leopold von Wiese and Christian Eckert , Georg Jahn and Hans Lorenz Stoltenberg . In 1947 he was the first German sociologist to publish texts by Max Weber after the Second World War . In 1949, he received his first salaried state office as a dietician . Until his retirement in 1958, he was acting head of the Institute for Sociology at his university; he left him his library and archive when he died on September 2, 1968 at the age of 74 in Marburg.

Sociology

In the early years of the postwar German sociology two closed theory building were presented, the relationship theory of Leopold von Wiese and Gesellungslehre by Max Graf zu Solms. Both are hardly known today. Solms had developed his theory from preliminary studies during the Nazi regime but had not published it. In 1946 he presented them at the 8th German Sociologists' Day, ten years later his main work, Analytical Sociology, was published . In it, Solms presents the structure theory and the scaffolding theory after a detailed discussion of the anthropological and psychological “given” of his design . The aviation theory illuminates the historically and cross-cultural consistent character of interpersonal situations. It contains elements of an elite sociology under the heading of ordering leaders . The scaffolding theory is referred to as formal sociology by Solms . Scaffolding means the uniform or changing coexistence of people for material reasons.

Johannes Weyer characterizes Solms' theory as formalistic, whereby the formal order of the facts is captured as completely as possible, whereby sociology, in contrast to social philosophy , should be placed on a scientific basis. Such science, which is in itself value-free, is committed to humane change in society at Solms . But that automatically leads to contradictions as long as sociology defines its subject purely formally or formally.

Fonts (selection)

  • For working layers . In: Kölner Vierteljahrshefte für Soziologie , 1924, 4th year, pp. 140–153.
  • Shape and framework of the human world , University of Kiel, dissertation 1927.
  • Building and structuring the groups of people, Part I , Braun, Karlsruhe 1929.
  • Ordering a guide. Building and structuring groups of people, Part II , Buske, Leipzig 1932.
  • Elites . In: Kölner Vierteljahrshefte für Soziologie , 1932/33, 11th year, pp. 182–193.
  • The concept of revolution , In: Archive for applied sociology , 1932/33, 5th year, pp. 1–14.
  • 1933/34: The broad and deep effects of revolutions , In: Kölner Vierteljahrshefte für Soziologie , 1933/34, 12th year, pp. 232-237.
  • Criticism of nationalisms. Socialism and Freedom , Laupp, Tübingen 1947.
  • The Sociology and the Problem of the Human Personality , In: Festgabe für Leopold von Wiese on the occasion of his 70th birthday . Internationaler Universum-Verlag, Mainz 1948.
  • Social sciences as a subject in German schools . In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Vol. 2 (1950), no. 1, pp. 78–83.
  • Personal development and upbringing based on solidarity , In: Contributions to sociology and ethnology. Festschrift for the 80th birthday of Prof. Richard Thurnwald . Mann, Berlin 1950, pp. 318-324.
  • Intellectual and sociological considerations on the problem of style. In: studium generale 7 , 1954, issue 10, pp. 590–603.
  • Analytical sociology. Mohr (Siebeck), Tübingen 1956.
  • A life course: letters, testimonials, reports . Edited by Freda Gräfin zu Solms with the collaboration of Irmgard Foerster, Elwert, Marburg 1982, ISBN 3-7708-0731-6 .

literature

  • Lars Clausen : Ein Lebensgang , [1983], in: Ders .: Krasser Sozialer Wandel , Leske + Budrich, Opladen 1994, p. 183 ff.
  • Carsten Klingemann , "As, as is well known, sociology was not promoted in any way under the National Socialist regime ..." - Max Graf zu Solms' position on sociology in the Third Reich . In: ders., Sociology in the Third Reich . Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 1996, ISBN 3-7890-4298-6 , pp. 159-170.
  • Rolf Fechner / Herbert Claas (eds.): Buried sociology. For example: Max Graf zu Solms. Series of publications by the Ferdinand Tönnies Society , Vol. 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-428-08877-8 .
  • Hartmut Lüdtke / Hartmut Schweitzer (eds.): Max Solms' Gesellungslehre. (Re) discovery and attempt at appreciation. , Institute for Sociology, Marburg 1993 ( Marburg contributions to social science research , 1), ISBN 3-8185-0145-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Unless otherwise stated, biographical information is based on: Herbert Claas and Rolf Fechner, The first of his own way . In this. (Ed.), Buried Sociology. For example: Max Graf zu Solms. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, pp. 11-20.
  2. Until 1918 he was a civil servant and can be addressed as an illustrious man .
  3. Carsten Klingemann , "As it is well known that sociology was not promoted in any way under the National Socialist regime ..." - Max Graf zu Solms' position on sociology in the Third Reich . In: ders., Sociology in the Third Reich . Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 1996, pp. 159–170, here p. 167.
  4. Reprint of the article: Max Graf Solms, forms of interpersonal life. Sociology as an exact subject . In: Rolf Fechner / Herbert Claas (eds.): Buried sociology. For example: Max Graf zu Solms. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, pp. 247-252.
  5. Carsten Klingemann, "As it is well known that sociology was not promoted in any way under the National Socialist regime ..." - Max Graf zu Solms' position on sociology in the Third Reich . In: ders., Sociology in the Third Reich . Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 1996, pp. 159–170, here p. 168.
  6. M. Rainer Lepsius : The development of sociology after the Second World War, 1945 to 1967. in Cologne journal for sociology and social psychology , Sociology in Germany since 1945 , special issue 21/1979, pp. 25–70, here p. 29.
  7. ^ Carsten Klingemann, Max Weber in der Reichssoziologie 1933–1945 , In: ders., Sociology in the Third Reich . Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 1996, pp. 171–216, here p. 214, note 98.
  8. ^ Max Weber : Writings on theoretical sociology, on the sociology of politics and the constitution . Introduced and annotated by Max Graf zu Solms, Schauer, Frankfurt am Main 1947.
  9. Partially placed today in the Institute Sociology Library in Marburg.
  10. a b Johannes Weyer: West German Sociology 1945–1960. German continuities and North American influence . Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1984, p. 155.
  11. ^ Max Graf zu Solms, Gesellungslehre . In: German Society for Sociology (ed.), Negotiations of the 8th German Sociological Conference from 19.-21. September 1946 in Frankfurt am Main: Lectures and discussions in the general assembly and in the meetings of the subgroups . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1948, pp. 57–91, online (PDF), accessed on February 21, 2016.
  12. ↑ Presented in detail by Hartmut Lüdtke, Max Solms' Gesellungslehre. (Re) discovery and attempt at appreciation . In: Rolf Fechner / Herbert Claas (eds.), Buried Sociology. For example: Max Graf zu Solms. Series of publications by the Ferdinand Tönnies Society , Vol. 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, pp. 21-42.
  13. ^ Morten Reitmayer: Elite. Social history of a politico-social idea in the early Federal Republic . Oldenbourg, Munich 2009, p. 183 ff.