Maximilian Messmacher

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Messmacher's house in Pargolovo

Maximilian Messmacher , also Maximilian von Messmacher , Messmacher , Russian Максимилиан Егорович Месмахер (born March 21, 1842 in Saint Petersburg ; † September 4, 1906 in Dresden ) was a German-Russian architect. His works include palaces, public buildings and churches.

Life

Maximilian Messmacher came from a German-Baltic family. He was the son of Johann Georg Mesmacher († December 19, 1867), who had come from Reval and worked in St. Petersburg as a master saddler and wagon maker , and his wife Dorothea Charlotte, née. Schmieling († October 24, 1901).

He attended the drawing school of the Society for the Promotion of the Arts in Saint Petersburg and then the Imperial Art Academy . At his graduation in 1866 he received a gold medal for his thesis. With a scholarship from the Academy, he toured Italy and numerous old towns in Russia. One product of the journeys was a series of 200 watercolors that are kept in the Hermitage . From 1872 he received the title of Academic of Architecture .

Together with Viktor Kossow ( Russian Виктор Александрович Коссов ) he worked on the restoration of the ancient theater of Taormina and drew the plans for it. For this work he received a diploma in architecture in 1873.

In 1874 he was appointed professor at the drawing school of the Society for the Promotion of the Arts in Saint Petersburg, where he taught art painting, industrial painting and art history. From 1877 to 1879 he worked with A. Schambacher on the reconstruction of the school building.

In 1879 he became director of the technical drawing school founded by Alexander von Stieglitz . Here he made a great contribution to the creation of a curriculum that became exemplary.

Palace of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich Romanov

Messmacher's most important works, however, were in the field of architecture and interior decoration. He designed the palaces of several members of the Tsar's house as well as numerous mansions and noble palaces. Messmacher's main works in St. Petersburg are: the palaces of the Grand Dukes Alexei Alexandrowitsch Romanow and Michail Michailowitsch Romanow , the interior decoration of the palaces of Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Romanow ( Vladimir Palace ), Pawel Alexandrowitsch Romanov and the Anitschkow Palace . For the Massandra Palace of Tsar Alexander III. Messmacher provided the plans in the Crimea .

His style was essentially shaped by historicism and eclecticism . He used a variety of different style elements and decorative shapes on facades and in interior design.

In addition to palaces, he worked on several churches. He was responsible for the restoration of St. Isaac's Cathedral and was appointed chief architect of the church in 1882. Messmacher's last work in St. Petersburg was the redesign of the interior of the Lutheran Church of Saint Peter on Nevsky Prospect from 1895 to 1897.

Since 1893 he was married to Varvara (Barbara), b. André, his former student and art potter .

In 1897 Messmacher left Russia with his family and moved to Loschwitz near Dresden . Here he, together with his brother Georg, had Georg Schramm build the Villa Meßmacher .

He was buried in the Johannisfriedhof in Tolkewitz , where his tomb has been preserved to this day.

  • Villa Messmacher

  • Grave site

Works

  • 1873/74: Interior decoration of the house of WF Gagarin , Bolshaya Morskaya uliza No. 45
  • 1873–1875: Iconostasis of the Resurrection Cathedral in the Smolny Institute (not preserved)
  • 1876–1879: St. Cosmas and Damian Church at the Guard Battalion, Kirotschnaja uliza. No. 28a (not preserved)
  • 1877/78: Renewal of the school building of the drawing school of the Society for the Promotion of the Arts, Bolshaya Morskaya uliza No. 38
  • 1877–1888: Restoration of St. Isaac's Cathedral
  • 1878/79: Painting of AD Stroganov's private chapel , Tschaikowskaja uliza No. 11
  • 1882–1885: Interior decoration of the Vladimir Palace , No. 26 bank of the palace
  • 1882–1885: Palace of Alexei Alexandrowitsch Romanow , Moika -ufer No. 122
  • Archive building of the State Council, Millionnaya Street No. 36
  • 1885–1886: Building of the Stieglitz drawing school, Soljanoi pereulok No. 13
  • 1885–1888: Palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich Romanov , Admiralty Bank No. 8
  • 1885–1896: Building for the Museum of Applied Arts at the Applied Arts Academy (Stieglitz Museum), Soljanoi pereulok No. 15
  • 1886–1887: Interior decoration in the Anitschkow Palace , Nevsky Prospect No. 39 (not preserved)
  • 1887: Manege and stables for NM Polowzowa on the bank of the Krjukow Canal No. 12
  • 1888–1892: Interior decoration of the palace of Pawel Alexandrowitsch Romanow , Anglijskaja Naberezhnaya No. 68
  • 1888–1892: Interior decoration of the palace of Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Romanow
  • 1888–1892: Interior decoration of the palace by Alexander Alexandrowitsch Polowzow , Bolschaja Morskaja uliza No. 52
  • 1892–1900: Massandra Palace in the Crimea
  • 1896–1899: Interior design of the Lutheran St. Petri Church , Nevsky Prospect No. 22–24

Honors

Web links

Commons : Maximilian Messmacher  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the Erik Amburger database, accessed on July 22, 2015
  2. ↑ Тыжненко Т. Е .: Максимилиан Месмахер , Leningrad, 1984
  3. ↑ Тыжненко Т. Е: Максимилиан Месмахер - Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX - начало ХХ века , St. Petersburg, 1998.
  4. ^ Messmacher, ME
  5. ↑ Архитекторы-строители Санкт-Петербурга середины XIX - начала XX века , St. Petersburg, 1996.
personal data
SURNAME Messmacher, Maximilian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Messmacher, Maximilian von (full name); Messmacher, Maximilian; Месмахер, Максимилиан Егорович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Russian architect
DATE OF BIRTH March 21, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH 4th September 1906
Place of death Dresden