Meidlinger L
The Meidlinger L ( ) is a characteristic more pronounced lateral apical - dental consonant , the mainly working class of the twelfth Viennese municipality district Meidling is awarded.
origin
The view is widespread that the Meidlinger L came to Vienna with the Czech servants / maids , craftsmen and workers for brick production (so-called " Ziegelbehm ") who had increasingly immigrated from Bohemia and Moravia since the first half of the 19th century . The Czech immigrants preferred to settle in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna) (especially since the Wienerberger brick factory was located there). The reason why one does not speak of a “Favoritner L” but of a “Meidlinger L” may have something to do with the fact that Meidling, like its neighboring district of Favoriten, developed into a typical working-class district (with a corresponding proportion of inhabitants of Czech origin) and that the The expression “Meidlinger L” is well suited as a homologous term - in the word Meidling you can include a Meidlinger L when it is pronounced, but not in the word Favoriten due to the lack of lateral . But the Czech origin of this "Meidlinger L" is improbable for several reasons, because this Viennese "Vorstadt-L" (the scientific name, for example [ɫ]) arose from the fact that L in the syllable and wording of the Middle Bavarian L -Vocalization had initially disappeared and was only subsequently restituted under high-linguistic influence, just as [ɫ] (as a postdental L, as it is generally spoken in the Eastern Middle Bavarian dialects), e.g. B. because or money basilectal [vɶː] or [gœːd], colloquially [væːɫ] or [gεɫt]. The Czech L is similar to the standard German L (from a Slavic point of view a "middle L"). According to E. Kranzmayer, this Viennese ɫ is “postdental in certain social classes”.
Sound aspects
Phonetically , a [l] is a lateral , i.e. H. During articulation, the air flows on its way out of the mouth along the sides of the tongue, the tip of which ( apex linguae ) is pressed against the dental dam ( alveolar process ). The Meidlinger L, on the other hand, is a monolateral (also: unilateral ) sound, i.e. H. the air only flows past one side of the tongue. The typical sound pattern is intensified when the tip of the tongue is not pressed against the alveolar process but against the upper row of teeth (apical-dental).
Phonologically speaking, the Meidlinger L is an allophone (an optional variant) of the phoneme / l /, i.e. H. its special feature "monolateral" is not distinctive .
In phonetics system of IPA no sign is for the feature "monolateral". This shows on the one hand that this feature is not distinctive in any researched language, on the other hand it means that if you want to write the Meidlinger L, you have to make do with specially created diacritics .
Contrary to a frequently expressed view, the Meidlinger L is not to be equated with the sound sequence [dl] (as in the pronunciation of the proper name Meinl as [ma ɪ ndl] or [ma ɛ ndl]). (The inserted [d] is a support closure : the [d] has the same articulation point (the alveoli) and the voicing in common with the [n] and the [l] ; when the nasal [n] dissolves to the [l] the plosive [d] intervenes to facilitate pronunciation.)
Sociolinguistic Aspects
The Meidlinger L is considered a shibboleth in Vienna , which identifies the speaker as belonging to the working class , in the worst case as a proletarian .
Trivia
The fact that, despite the myth, not only Meidlingers master the Meidlinger L, proves the non-Meidlinger, but also the original Viennese Hans Krankl , the former top Austrian footballer and singer. The former Austrian Chancellor Franz Vranitzky , who grew up in Vienna-Dornbach , is also known for his "fat L". The Viennese musician Roland Neuwirth grew up in Vienna-Floridsdorf and knows the monolateral L mainly from his home district.
The Meidlinger L came to literary honor in Karl Kraus ' Last Days of Mankind . In the III. Act, 11th scene, follows the announcement of the speakers at the “Association meeting of the Cherusci in Krems ” with the exclamation “ Heil! ", Which sounds like 'Hedl!'" After the director's instructions .
See also
Web links
- “Meidlinger L” has been around longer. orf.at of May 26, 2018
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Christian Brandstätter (Ed.): Stadtchronik Wien. 2000 years in data, documents and images. Brandstätter. Vienna / Munich 1986, p. 26 f., 305.
- ^ E. Kranzmayer: Historical sound geography of the entire Bavarian dialect area. Vienna 1956, p. 119.
- ↑ For more on the Czech influence in Viennese s. HD Pohl: International Handbook on Contact Linguistics. Vol. 2 (Berlin, Walter de Gruyter 1997, pp. 1797–1812), short version on the Internet at http://members.chello.at/heinz.pohl/Tschechisch.htm (with further links on language contact in Austria).