Melchior Adam Weikard
Melchior Adam Weikard , also Weickard , Weikhard (born April 27, 1742 in Römershag (now part of Bad Brückenau ); † July 25, 1803 in Brückenau (now Bad Brückenau)) was a German doctor and philosopher during the Enlightenment .
Life
Weikard was the son of the innkeeper and brewery owner Johann Nikolaus Weikard (* June 1, 1719; † 1796) and Sabine Franziska Kluberdanz (* September 11, 1719; † March 10, 1758). At the age of eight, Weikard suffered a serious accident that caused permanent physical disability (humpbacks). He studied after visiting the Hammelburger Frobenius-Gymnasium in Würzburg from 1753 to 1758, first philosophy, then medicine and was at the 1764 University of Wuerzburg at Elias Adam Papius doctorate .
Weikard initially worked as a well doctor and official physician in Brückenau in Fulda. In 1770 the Fulda prince-bishop Heinrich von Bibra called him to Fulda , where he settled as a doctor and rose one after the other to the position of court counselor, personal physician to the prince-bishop and professor of medicine at the Fulda University of Adolphina . Weikard also practiced in his house, called "Sonnenbäckersch", opposite the parish church of St. Blasius. In addition, he continued to work as a physician at the office of Brückenau and bath doctor in Brückenau until 1776.
He was a follower of association psychology and the theories of the Scottish physician John Brown (1735–1788) as well as the associated forms of therapy and medicines.
In 1784 he was appointed court physician to the Russian Tsarina Catherine II at the Tsar's court in St. Petersburg. There he was appointed to the State Council in 1785 and worked until 1789 before the grueling societies caused him to leave the Russian court.
From 1791 to 1792 he was a personal physician in the service of Prince Bishop Karl Theodor von Dalberg in Mainz , after leaving he practiced in Mannheim until 1794 , then in Heilbronn . In Heilbronn, the well-traveled Weikard, who is known as a miracle doctor, was a Brownian and complemented the city doctors Eberhard Gmelin and Friedrich August Weber, who were otherwise inclined to healing magnetism . It was there that his practical medical handbook, published by Class , was created .
Tsar Paul tried to lure Weikard back to Russia by appointing him to the Imperial Russian State Council, which led to Weikard's dispute with the Heilbronn magistrate. Instead of going to Russia, Weikard turned to Fulda, where in 1803 he was appointed director of the Medicinalanstalten as a princely Nassau privy councilor, before he died in his native Römershag that same year.
Weikard practiced successfully as a doctor, but also published numerous papers not only on medical topics. In Gersfeld he was accepted into the Freemasons' league , but did not get beyond the level of apprentice.
In an analysis of the work The Philosophical Doctor , Russell A. Barkley and Helmut Peters come to the conclusion that “lack of attention” (“Attentio Volubilis”), as Weikard describes it in the third chapter, is the historically first comparable description of what is nowadays known as attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder .
family
Weikard was the father of the writer Marianne Sophie Weikard (1770-1823) and brother of the magistrate and first deep well drill Georg Ignaz Weikard . His sister Sabine Franziska Weikard was the mother of the pharmacist and founder of the Orb spa , Franz Leopold Koch .
Honors
On April 7, 1770, Melchior Adam Weikhard with the academic surname Amphilochus was registered under matriculation no. 731 as a member of the Leopoldina selected.
The city of Fulda honored the important medical philosopher Weikard in 1964 by naming a street. There is also a Dr.-Melchior-Adam-Weikard-Straße in Bad Brückenau.
Works
- Charitable and medical contributions. Frankfurt / Leipzig 1770.
- Observationes medicae. Frankfurt 1775.
- The philosophical doctor. Frankfurt 1773–1775 (several editions).
- Mixed medical writings. Frankfurt 1778–1780 (several editions).
- Biography of Mr. Wilhelm Friedrich v. Same called Rußworm Lord on Greifenstein, Bonnland and Ezelbach, ec. ec. Your Roman-Imperial Majesty of dignified council, knight of the Brandenburg Renewed Red Eagle Order, Hochfürstl. Brandenburg-Culmbachischen secret councils and Reis-Ober-Stallmeister, the Franconian Imperial Knighthood Ort Rhön-Werra embed Ritter-Raths, then the Churmainzische Academy of Useful Sciences member, honorary member of the High Princely Institute of Morals and Fine Sciences at the Friedrich Alexander Academy, like also the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin . 1783 digitized
- The actual force that causes vegetation and food to happen. Frankfurt 1786.
- From Schwaermerey and the Enlightenment. Frankfurt / Leipzig 1788
- Latest news from the mineral waters near Brückenau in Fuldischen. Fulda 1780 (several editions).
- Draft of a simple art of medicine or explanation and confirmation of Brown's medicine theory. Frankfurt 1795 (several editions, also translated into Italian, French and Spanish).
- Medicinal-practical handbook based on Brownian principles and experiences. Heilbronn 1797 (several editions, also translated several times into Italian).
- Toilet reading for women and men. Frankfurt 1797.
- Biography of Dr. MA Weikard edited by himself. Berlin / Stettin 1784.
- To read memorabilia from the life story of the Imperial Russian Budget Council MAW after his death. Frankfurt / Leipzig 1802.
- "Biography" and "Memories". Ed., With an afterword and explanations by Franz-Ulrich Jestädt. Ulenspiegel, Fulda 1988, ISBN 3-9801740-0-X (reprint).
literature
- Markwart Michler : Melchior Adam Weikard (1742–1803) and his way into Brownianism. Medicine between Enlightenment and Romanticism. A medical-historical biography. Barth, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3-335-00452-3 .
- Nikolaus K. Molitor: Melchior Adam Weikard, the empiricist. Mainz 1791
- Michael Mott : Salt house, beer hall and “yellow air” / Fulda stories about the fountain obelisk on the square Unterm Heilig Kreuz / Mollenhauer house and Trillerhäusche. In: Fulda newspaper . October 6, 1999, p. 13 (Series: Fulda then and now ).
- Michael Mott: Doctor of the Bishop and the Tsarina / Melchior Adam Weikard was a great man of his time. In: Fulda newspaper . June 29, 2010, p. 10 (Series: Fuldaer Köpfe ).
- Julius Leopold Pagel : Weikard, Melchior Adam . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 41, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, p. 485.
- Otto M. Schmitt: Melchior Adam Weikard. Doctor, philosopher and enlightener. Parzeller, Fulda 1970, ISBN 3-932655-01-X .
- Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Significant Heilbronn (IV) . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . 15th year, no. 3 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn March 8, 1969, p. II / III .
Web links
- Member entry of Melchior Adam Weikhard at the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , accessed on 15 September 2017th
- “The devil got the Weikard” - The Philosophical Doctor , short portrait on altmod.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Franz Leopold Koch: "I have encountered such unusual events in my life ..." , Memoirs of Franz Leopold Koch p. 79
- ^ Russell A. Barkley , Helmut Peters: The earliest reference to ADHD in the medical literature? Melchior Adam Weikard's description in 1775 of attention deficit (Attentio Volubilis). In: Journal of Attention Disorders. Vol. 16, H. 8, pp. 623-630, doi: 10.1177 / 1087054711432309 , PMID 22323122 .
- ↑ Franz Leopold Koch: "I have encountered such unusual events in my life ..." , Memoirs of Franz Leopold Koch, pp. 79/80
- ^ Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 229 (archive.org)
- ^ Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. Commissioned by Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, supplements and additions to Neigebaur's history, p. 163 ( archive.org ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Weikard, Melchior Adam |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Weikhard, Melchior Adam |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German doctor and philosopher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 27, 1742 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Römershag |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 25, 1803 |
| Place of death | Bad Brueckenau |