Johann Gregor Memhardt
Johann Gregor Memhardt , also Johann Georg Memhard , (* 1607 Linz an der Donau ; † 1678 in Berlin or Ulm ) was a military , landscape planner , architectural draftsman and politician during and after the Thirty Years' War .
Live and act
Memhardt emigrated to the Netherlands around 1622 , where he presumably trained as a fortress builder . Since 1638, other sources say 1639 and 1640, he served the Hohenzollern under Elector Georg Wilhelm as a builder . In 1641 he was appointed electoral engineer. In 1650, the "Great Elector" Friedrich Wilhelm appointed him court architect in Berlin, where Memhardt was commissioned to plan the courtly buildings. With his help, the residential palace was repaired and a chapel was built for Electress Louise Henriette and, after the redesign of the Berlin pleasure garden, a new pleasure house , the “grotto” and the ballroom and porter's house were built.
Since 1656 he was responsible for the supervision of all electoral buildings. The fortification of Berlin that followed since 1658 at the latest was originally under his leadership and was completed by Johann Arnold Nering . Around five years after his death, the costly fortification of Berlin was ended by the construction of the Leipzig Gate, according to Memhardt's plans. In Potsdam, under his direction, the new construction of the city palace began around 1660, and Oranienburg palace and garden were built according to Memhardt's designs from 1651 .
The majority of the buildings built according to his plans were destroyed in the Second World War. In Berlin-Mitte , Memhardstrasse near Alexanderplatz has been named after him since the 1920s.
In 1664 Memhardt was appointed teacher to the electoral prince and later Friedrich I and in 1669 he became the first honorary mayor of the new town, which had been developed into the third royal seat of Friedrichswerder since 1662 .
Commandant's House
Among other things, the elector benefited his builder with a piece of land in the “Niederlag-Strasse am Wasser”, not far from the Hundebrücke, today's castle bridge . The area adjoining the Spreearm to the south and the planned new electoral port first had to be drained. Memhardt probably built his house on Friedrichswerder between 1653 and 1656 on today's Unter den Linden street , near what was then the Eskarpemauer . After renovations in 1792/93, this house was used as the service building of the Berlin commandant's office from 1799 . Today there is a new building with a reconstructed historic facade from the 19th century, which Bertelsmann AG built for its capital city representation .
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Memhardt plan
The so-called "Memhardt-Plan" is known, the oldest known city map of the twin cities of Berlin-Cölln, which is based on the measurements of Memhardt and was first published in 1652 in the Zeillerische Chronik . The designation city map for this plan is also misleading, as the current situation at the time and the planned construction measures are only partially described.
Cooperating contemporary builders
- Joachim Ernst Blesendorf , parceler of Dorotheenstadt ,
- Philip de Chiese ,
- Michael Mathias Smids ,
- Johann ten Venhuys .
literature
- Georg Galland : The Great Elector and Moritz von Nassau the Brazilians . Studies on Brandenburg and Dutch art history. Verlag von Heinrich Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1893 ( userpage.fu-berlin.de [accessed on December 16, 2012]).
- Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm : The house at the dog bridge . History of the Berlin commandant's house and its surroundings. Berlin Story, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-929829-88-4 .
- Uwe Kieling, Erika Schachinger: Memhardt, Johann Gregor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 28 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Johann Gregor Memhardt . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- The Memhardt Plan of Berlin and Cölln from 1652 . In: Urban development , Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- Claudia Sommer: Johann Gregor Memhardt at preussen.de
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Marlies Ebert: Johann Gregor Memhardt (1607–1678). Fortress builder and engineer for the Great Elector . In: Berlinische monthly 8/1994 at the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein , p. 95
- ↑ Memhardt in honor directory of Luisenstädtischer Education Association
- ↑ Ernst Kaeber (Ed.): The Bear of Berlin: Yearbook d. Association for the history of Berlin . Bibliography, Volume 52. Berlin / Bonn 2003, ISSN 0522-0033
- ↑ Oranienburg . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , Volume 15. Leipzig 1905, p. 92.
- ↑ G. Heinrich, JR Moeschl (Ed.): Kulturatlas Berlin . 1st edition. Scantinental Business Contact, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021714-2 .
- ^ Berlin (city map from Merian). German Digital Library , accessed on December 17, 2012 .
- ^ Memhardt Plan (1652) . In: Urban development , Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Memhardt, Johann Gregor |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Memhard, Johann Georg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Military, builders and politicians |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1607 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Linz on the Danube |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1678 |
| Place of death | Berlin or Ulm |