Michael Beheim

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A song by Michael Beheim with deletions and changes

Michael Beheim , also Michel Beheim , Michael Behaim , Michael Beham or Michael Behm , (born September 29, 1420 in ( Obersulm -) Sülzbach; † late 1470s in Sülzbach), was a writer who worked at many courts of his time, like that also at the imperial court in Vienna . Because of his place of birth Sülzbach bei Weinsberg , he was also called Poeta Weinsbergensis .

Life

Like his father Hans Beheim, he learned the trade of weaver and initially worked as such. After the birth of the second or third child (around 1442–1445) he entered the service of the Imperial Treasurer Konrad von Weinsberg , whom he probably followed on his many trips to the royal courts. During this time he may have started his mostly contemporary work as a songwriter. Even during this early employment, the basic character of Beheim's works becomes apparent, which in particular has the homage of the respective employer as its object.

After Konrad's death (1448), he first turned to the court of Albrecht III in Munich . and then to the Margrave Albrecht Achilles of Brandenburg-Ansbach , where he was involved in the fighting with the Rothenburgern in 1450. There he was captured and tormented, so that he asked for a leave of absence until the armed conflicts were settled. He avoided the war in Denmark and Norway to the court of King Christian I of Denmark and Norway , where there were family ties from Brandenburg-Ansbach. Christian's wife, Dorothea von Brandenburg , was the niece of the Brandenburg margrave. Beheim stayed in Denmark for the celebrations of Prince Olav's baptism, but then learned of the peace in Brandenburg, so that he returned to Albrecht Achilles and stayed there until 1452. He then moved back to the court of Albrecht III for unknown reasons. from Bavaria.

From the beginning of 1454 Beheim was in the service of Albrecht VI. from Austria , who was staying in Freiburg and Rottenburg at that time . After a short time, Beheim moved to Ulrich II von Cilli († 1456), but then returned to Albrecht IV. Later in 1454 Beheim was at the court of the young King Ladislaus V of Hungary in Prague, later at his court in Vienna and then in 1456 in his entourage on the crusade to Belgrade. Several of his poems on Turkish affairs date from this period, which, along with his other historical poems, are the most important of his works. He also wrote a poem "Von ainem wutrich der hies Trakle waida von der Walachei" about Prince Vlad III. Drăculea (" Dracula "), who beheaded countless people during the unsuccessful siege of Kronstadt . During the Hungarian crusade, Beheim was robbed, his employer Ladislaus was imprisoned and his previous employer Ulrich II von Cilli was murdered. Beheim then vowed never to take part in a Hungarian crusade again. In the summer of 1457, falling out of favor, he said goodbye to Ladislaus' entourage and returned to the court of Albrecht VI. from Austria, which he left in 1458.

From 1459 he was at the Viennese court of Emperor Friedrich III. , with which he endured the siege by Archduke Albrecht and the mayor Holzer in 1462 . He wrote a poem from this incident ( Das Buch von den Wienern , a rhyming chronicle in 13,000 verses), the manner of which he called the “fearful manner”, and in which he poured out all his anger over the Viennese, “the craftsmen, Schälke and vice belly” . Even after the end of the siege, the fraternal quarrel continued, which Beheim commented on in further verses. Beheim also tells us that even after the death of Albrecht VI. In 1463 there was still no peace in Vienna, but only a tribute from the Viennese in 1465 brought the longed-for peace with the emperor. Presumably for cost reasons, Beheim was released from the Viennese court at the end of 1465. Beheim first turned to Christoph von Mörsberg, whom he had met during the siege of Vienna Castle, and then to Duke Sigmund of Bavaria. These employments after the time in Vienna were not of long duration, since fee invoices from Augsburg and Nördlingen also exist. In those unsteady times Beheim's last committed political songs were written, of which there are no more signs after 1466.

Beheim-Atonement Cross in Obersulm-Sülzbach (copy)

Beheim did not find permanent employment again until July 1468 with Count Palatine Friedrich I in Heidelberg , where there has been some literary sense since the foundation of the University of Heidelberg . Here he used the prose chronicle of the deeds of this elector, written a little earlier by the chaplain Matthias von Kemnat, in a comprehensive strophic poem on Friedrich, which, according to Meyer's Konversationslexikon , celebrates him “in low flattery as the noblest and bravest hero of all time. “Beheim explicitly names Matthias von Kemnat and the Palatinate Chancellery Alexander Bellendörfer as helpers at the end of his rhyme chronicle (p. 205); it is also assumed that Bellendörfer wrote the codex . During the planning of a campaign by the Elector against Duke Heinrich von Veldenz, Beheim wanted to switch to Count Eberhard im Bart von Württemberg in Bad Urach , in order to accompany him to the Prince's Day in Regensburg. However, he was recalled by the elector and forced to take part in the campaign against the Veldenzer. The description of the campaign also ends in the Palatinate rhyme chronicle , which Beheim certainly began but may not have completed. The reasons for the end of his period of service at the Electoral Palatinate court are unknown, but possibly to be looked for in the zeitgeist, since Beheim's lecture style was already outdated at that time and a court choir with polyphony in the musical performance began to prevail.

Finally, Beheim returned to his home town of Sülzbach in 1472, where he was appointed mayor . He died a violent death after being slain. The atonement cross , which gave information about the year of his death, is only incomplete, so that an exact date is no longer possible. Most of the research assumes that he was slain in the 1470s. The historic atonement cross, which the then Sülzbach local pastor J. Caspart found in 1875, is now in the Michael-Beheim-Schule in Obersulm-Sülzbach. A copy of the cross made in 1992 is now attached to the wall of the old cemetery near the Sülzbach church.

reception

As a professional political poet, he was forced to write the right song for his different, often hostile clients. He expressed this with the words “Der furst mich hett in knechtes rent, I ate sin bread and sang sin liet”. For this reason, Beheim is accused of opportunism within research .

In Vienna, a street in the 17th district , Beheimgasse , was named after him in his memory . In the village of Willsbach , which is next to his birthplace Sülzbach , a former elementary and secondary school, now a comprehensive school, was named after him.

Beheim's works in print

  • In 1843 the part about the Viennese appeared for the first time after the Heidelberg and Viennese manuscripts by P. Rohrmann, edited by Th. G. v. Karajan (479 pages). It was reprinted in 1867 by P. Rohrmann and, of an unknown date, by Carl Hölzl.
    • Michael Behaim (Author), Th. G. v. Karajan (ed.): Michael Beheim's book from the Viennese 1462–1465 , P. Rohrmann, Vienna 1843 ( Online-1 and Online-2 in the Google book search)
    • Michael Behaim (Author), Th. G. v. Karajan (Ed.): Michael Beheim's book of the Viennese 1462–1465 , P. Rohrmann, Vienna 1867 ( Online-1 and Online-2 in the Google book search)
    • Michael Behaim (Author), Th. G. v. Karajan (Ed.): Michael Beheim's book from the Viennese 1462–1465 , Carl Hölzl, Vienna ( online in the Google Book Search USA )
  • From 1968 to 1972 “The Poems of Michel Beheim” was published in three volumes by Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, edited by Hans Gille and Ingeborg Spriewald. The Heidelberg manuscript cpg 334 (Beheim's autograph) served as the basis, using the Heidelberg manuscript cpg 312 and the Munich manuscript cgm 291 as well as all partial manuscripts. The edition contains 453 poems, but not the great rhyming chronicles.
    • Michael Behaim (author), Hans Gille, Ingeborg Spriewald (ed.): The poems of Michel Beheim , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968–1972
      • Vol. 1. Introduction. Poems No. 1-147 (= Volume 60 of German Texts of the Middle Ages ), 1968
      • Vol. 2. Poems No. 148-357 (= Volume 64 of German Texts of the Middle Ages ), 1970
      • Vol. 3. (= Volume 65 of German texts from the Middle Ages )
        • Part 1. Poems No. 358-453. The melodies, 1971
        • Part 2. Register part, 1972

literature

Web links

Commons : Michel Beheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Frieder Schanze: Masterful art of song between Heinrich von Mügeln and Hans Sachs vol. I, ISBN 3-7608-3382-9 , p. 183, note 3, which is based on the autograph entry of the poet ( digitized version ). Michael Beheim was then born on a holiday of St. Michael falling on a Sunday, i.e. on September 29th. In the often mentioned year of birth 1416, however, Saint Michael fell on a Tuesday. Therefore only 1415 or 1420 come into question. Beheim himself corrected his year of birth to 1421, which is why Frieder Schanze assumes 1420. The date is also adopted from more recent publications: Schlott (2001), p. 113; Barbara Boisits: Beheim, Michel. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-7001-3043-0 .
  2. ^ MG Scholz: On the relationship between patrons ... , p. 149, quoted from Schlott (2001), p. 131
  3. ↑ U. Müller: Investigations ... , p. 267, quoted from Schlott (2001), p. 133
  4. ↑ PDF document from the University of Heidelberg on the Palatinate rhyming chronicle by Michael Beheim
  5. ↑ Alois Niederstätter: The Middle Century. At the turn of the Middle Ages to the modern age. Austrian history 1400-1522 . Ueberreuter, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-8000-3527-8 , ISBN 3-8000-3553-7 . P. 409
  6. ^ Michael Beheim School Obersulm
personal data
SURNAME Beheim, Michael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beheim, Michel; Behaim; Beham; Behm
SHORT DESCRIPTION German weaver and master singer
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1420
PLACE OF BIRTH Obersulm -Sülzbach
DATE OF DEATH between 1475 and 1479
Place of death Sülzbach