Michael White

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Michael Weisse (* around 1488 in Neisse , Principality of Neisse ; † March 19, 1534 in Landskron , Kingdom of Bohemia ) was initially a Franciscan in Breslau and after 1518 preacher of the Unity of the Bohemian Brothers . He also wrote theological writings and hymns , some of which he set to music.

Life

Michael Weisse was a student at the Neiss parish high school. From 1504 he studied at the University of Krakow and entered a Franciscan monastery in Breslau in 1510 . Since he and his fellow brothers Johannes Zeising and Johann Mönch had turned to Luther's teaching , they were expelled from Breslau in 1517/18. With the consent of the priest Laurentis Krasonický (Vavřinec Krasonický) and against the opposition of the Brethren Bishop Lukas of Prague they were accepted into the unity of the Bohemian Brethren. In 1522 Michael Weisse was elected preacher and head of the German-speaking Brethren Church in Landskron . In the same year, Bishop Lukas von Prague sent him to Wittenberg to see Martin Luther together with Johann Horn . Among other things, they were supposed to compare the brothers' creed with that of Luther. As a member of an embassy, ​​Weiße had several more opportunities to learn about Luther's Last Supper teachings, which the brothers largely recognized, but some also rejected. This presumably included white people. In 1525 he published the text Eyn kurtz lesson from the origin of the brothers in Behmen and the same reason that they also prove that they do not come from the Waldensian or Pickarten rotten. Gesant on the Lanttag ken Praga. Printed by the churf. stat Zwickaw by Jorg Gastel ym 1525 .

Michael Weisse and his Breslau confreres Johann Zeising and Johann Mönch have been propagating Zwingli's teaching since 1525 , which is why there was a hard argument with senior Lukas von Prague. While Michael Weisse and Johann Mönch submitted to the bishop, Zeising joined the Anabaptists . In 1528 he was burned in Brno on the orders of King Ferdinand I.

At the Brothers Synod in Brandeis , Michael Weisse was ordained as a clergyman of the Brothers' Union in 1531. At the same time he was appointed to the board of the German Brethren in Landskron and Fulnek .

He achieved great importance in 1531 with the publication of a hymn book with hymns, which appeared in 1531 under the title Ein New Gesengbuchlein . It contains 157 German songs, of which 137 are self-made poems or reworkings; most of the melodies come from the Czech tradition of the Bohemian Brothers. This first German-language hymn book by the Bohemian Brethren has been reprinted several times and had a stimulating effect on other works of this kind.

In 1532, White was elected to the Council of the Brethren. In the same year he translated the Apology of the Bohemian Brothers into German, which was printed a year later in Zurich. However, it was declared incorrect by most of the confreres who belonged to Luther's followers and rejected it. They initiated a new translation into which Luther's doctrine of the Lord's Supper found its way. Martin Luther himself wrote the foreword for this translation, which appeared in Wittenberg in 1533 . As a result, White lost his following. Although he was still trying to do justice to the new views by improving some of the songs in his hymn book according to the new teaching, he died in 1534. According to unproven reports, he died after eating wolf meat. The chaplain Michael Thamm took over the management of the German congregations of Landskron and Fulnek.

In 1544 Weißes former co-thinker Johann Horn reissued Weißes Gesangbuch from 1531. Of the total of 181 songs, 149 were from the first edition, and 32 new songs were added, the author of which is not certain. This edition was printed in Nuremberg and appeared under the title Gesangbuch Der Brüder in Behemen vnd Merherrn, whom one hated vnd envious Pickharden, Waldenses [et] c. Mention: A new one (especially from the Sacrament of the Nightmace) improved by them, and several beautiful new songs were added . The Evangelical Hymnal (EG) contains nine songs by Weisse. White's work included the Easter song Praised be God in the highest throne , which he published in 1531. In the hymn book of the Evangelical Reformed Churches in German-speaking Switzerland there are two song texts and two melodies by him.

Fonts (selection)

  • Hymnal of the Bohemian Brothers from 1531. Ed. by Wilhelm Thomas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1931, OCLC 611054715 .
  • Hymn book of the Bohemian Brothers 1531. Edited by Konrad Ameln in a reprint true to the original . Bärenreiter, Kassel, Basel 1957, OCLC 633865841 (facsimile of the first edition Ein New Gesengbuchlein. Jungbunzlau 1531, DKL 153102, XL 8 in the VD 16. ).

Remembrance day

March 19 in the Evangelical Name Calendar .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Walter: Church and school music in the episcopal city of Neisse in the 14th / 15th centuries. Century . In: Gerhard Kosellek (ed.): The beginnings of literature in Upper Silesia up to early humanism . Frankfurt / Main [u. a.] 1997, ISBN 3-631-32750-1 , pp. 281-302.
  2. ↑ See Zeising, Johannes (d. 1528) - GAMEO (read on July 22, 2012).
  3. ^ Laurentius Krasonický
  4. ↑ A hymn book of the brothers in Behemen vnd Merherrn, Die one auss vnd neyd, Pickharden, Waldenses, & c. calls. Johann Günther, Nuremberg 1544, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00083305-1 .
  5. ↑ Collection Karl Horak (ethnologist) (PDF file; 1.50 MB) ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) p. 5, accessed on July 27, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.volksmusik-archiv.de
  6. ^ Michael Weisse in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
personal data
SURNAME Whites, Michael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Weisse, Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Clergyman of the University of Bohemian Brethren, hymn poet and composer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1488
PLACE OF BIRTH Neisse , Principality of Neisse
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1534
Place of death Landskron