Medium witch herb

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Medium witch herb
Hexenkraut Scheuereck.JPG

Medium witchweed ( Circaea × intermedia )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Witch Herbs ( Circaea )
Type : Medium witch herb
Scientific name
Circaea × intermedia
Honor

The middle witch's herb ( Circaea × intermedia ) is a nature hybrid from the plant genus Hexenkräuter ( Circaea ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). Circaea × intermedia is a naturally occurring hybrid of Circaea alpina × Circaea lutetiana . The hybrid nature has been proven by crossing experiments. It is common in Europe .

description

The mean witch's herb grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of rarely 6 to mostly 10 to 40 centimeters. It forms thin underground runners , the lower leaves remain on the rhizome . The stem is glabrous, hairy and mostly branched towards the inflorescence. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is wingless. The leaf blade is relatively thin, serrated, pale to deep green, dull to glossy, glabrous to slightly hairy.

Flowering time is from June to August. The inflorescence extends before the anthesis . The flower stalks have decrepit bristle-shaped bracts . The petals are 2 to 3 millimeters long, nailed and as long as the calyx. The fruit stalks and the calyx are hairy glandular. The scar is sanded.

The fruit is obovate, spherical to almost crooked, pear-shaped, two-sided, two-seeded, one compartment is mostly empty, hooky, bristly, sloping before ripening.

Circaea × intermedia is very variable, mediating between the parents, with all conceivable transition types. The clan hardly produces germinable seeds and reproduces mainly vegetatively . Occasionally backcrosses with Circaea alpina or Circaea lutetiana occur.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

The middle witch's herb is a temperate-sub-Mediterranean, weakly sub-Atlantic floral element . The area corresponds to that of the parents. The distribution area of the Middle Witch's herb stretches from Europe , here in the south from the Pyrenees , the Apennines and the mountains of the former Yugoslavia north to England and Scotland , Norway to 63 ° north latitude, east to the Carpathians and the Caucasus . In Central Europe , the mean witch's herb occurs rarely in the lowlands , in the low mountain ranges and in the Alps and is absent in larger areas. It hardly rises above an altitude of 1200 meters.

The middle witch's herb thrives best on soaked, loose, humus-rich clay soil . It inhabits mountain and ravine forests as well as alluvial forests . It is a character species of the Carici remotae-Fraxinetum in Central Europe, but also occurs in other societies of the Alno-Ulmion Association and in those of the Tilio-Acerion Association.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  690 .

Web links

Commons : Mean witch's herb ( Circaea × intermedia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files