Monte class (1924)
 The Monte Cervantes
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As Monte class of 1924 five passenger ships are Hamburg South American Steamship Company referred to in between 1924 and 1930 on the shipyard Blohm & Voss in Hamburg were built. The combined passenger and cargo ships were used on the North Atlantic, South America and the Far East. The ships bore the names of South American mountains.
The 5,500 TEU container ships built by the same shipping company from 2004 also carry the Monte class name .
history
With the Monte Sarmiento , Hamburg-Süd took over the first of five Monte-class ships . The almost identical Monte-class ships had a length of 179.70 meters and were 20.10 meters wide. The maximum draft is given as 10.40 meters. The ships of the class were propelled by four diesel engines that worked via gears on two propeller shafts and gave the ships a speed of 14 knots. Exhaust gas boilers were located in the exhaust gas line behind the engines, as the exhaust gas temperatures in nominal operation were very high at 400 ° C. The steam from the exhaust gas boiler was used for air conditioning, hot water heating, but also to drive many auxiliary machines such as compressors and pumps. At that time, the auxiliary machines were mainly powered by steam.
The ships
Monte Sarmiento
The ship is named after Monte Sarmiento on Tierra del Fuego and was launched by Blohm & Voss with hull number 407 on July 31, 1924. It was the first German motor ship with a measurement of over 10,000 GRT and at the time of commissioning it was the largest motor ship in the world. The main engines were four 6-cylinder diesel engines stored after the First World War, which were intended for submarines of the Imperial Navy . Two motors were connected to the propeller via a gear train. The maiden voyage from Hamburg to the ports on the Río de la Plata began on November 15, 1924 with various problems with the engines. The problems with the machines were clearly documented by the guarantee engineer H. Börnsen.
Numerous trips to the South American east coast followed. In addition to this assignment, she was on the move with the sister ship Monte Olivia from summer to autumn 1936 for the KdF organization in the fjords of Norway . From December 21, 1939, the German Navy claimed the ship as a barge in Kiel . During an Anglo-American bombing raid on February 26, 1942, the Monte Sarmiento was hit, badly damaged and sank. In 1943 the wreck was lifted, towed to Hamburg and scrapped.
The ship had a capacity of 1,328 passengers in second class and 1,142 in third class. The crew consisted of a total of 280 people.
Monte Olivia
A few weeks later, on October 28, 1924, the launch of the Monte Olivia, named after a mountain in Argentina, with hull number 409 at Blohm & Voss. Her first voyage began on April 23, 1925 with the destination ports of Montevideo and Buenos Aires on the Río de la Plata . Due to declining numbers in the emigration business to South America, the shipping company successfully used the ship for cruises from 1925. On two tourist trips to the North Cape in autumn 1925, 3,100 passengers were carried. For the year 1934 also the Monte Olivia took over KdF trips to Norway and in the Baltic Sea . In October 1939, returning home from Santos in Brazil , the ship broke through the blockade to Hamburg. From January 1940 to January 1945 she served as a barge for the Navy. From mid-February 1945 it was used as a hospital ship and transporter for the wounded with the designation Lz (II) . After a bomb hit, she capsized on April 3, 1945 in the Scheerhafen . Captain Hartmann - later port captain in Brunsbüttel and head of the Canal Office - was able to save the crew. In 1946 the wreck was lifted and scrapped.
The Monte Olivia had a different length of 159.70 meters and is specified with 13,750 GRT, 7814 NRT and 8,460 tdw. The passenger capacity was 1372 in the third class and 1156 in the tween deck. The crew consisted of up to 369 people. This included ten Ukrainian students as assistants.
Monte Cervantes
The Monte Cervantes was hull number 478 and was the third ship of the Monte class after the Monte Sarmiento and the Monte Olivia . It was launched after its christening on August 25, 1927 and put into service on January 3, 1928. In July of the same year she ran into distress off Spitsbergen and was rescued by the Soviet icebreaker Krasin . In January 1930 she ran onto a rock near Ushuaia . After all passengers had been evacuated, the crew tried to set the ship aground, where it capsized and the captain was killed. In an attempt to salvage the wreck, it finally sank in 1954.
Monte Pascoal
The Monte Pascoal (named after the Osterberg in Brazil) was launched on September 17, 1930 with hull number 491. It was put into service on January 15, 1931. After finishing the equipment, she left her home port of Hamburg on January 26, 1931, heading for the ports on the east coast of South America. In addition to the liner service to the traditional ports in South America, the ship was also used profitably for cruises. Inexpensive short cruises guaranteed good utilization of the ship. Among other things, the shipowner offered a one-week round trip to London for only 65 Reichsmarks. After the outbreak of the Second World War, the Monte Pascoal also managed to break through the British blockade when the Second World War broke out in Buenos Aires and entered Hamburg on October 14, 1939. At the beginning of 1940 she was used in Wilhelmshaven as a barge for the Navy. On February 3, 1944, the ship was attacked and hit by Allied bombers. It caught fire and sank. In May 1944, a rescue team from the Navy succeeded in lifting the ship and making it buoyant again. A few weeks after the end of the war it had to be delivered to the United Kingdom. Loaded with gas ammunition, the Monte Pascoal was sunk on December 31, 1945 in the Skagerrak .
The Monte Pascoal is indicated with a length of 159.70 meters, 13,870 GRT, 7,762 NRT and 8,400 dwt. The capacity for passengers in third class was 1,372 and in tween deck 1,028. The crew included 284 people.
Monte Rosa
The Monte Rosa was launched as the last ship of the class on December 4, 1930 with hull number 492. In March 1931 it was put into service by the shipping company. Her maiden voyage traditionally began in mid-March with a trip to the ports on the Rio de La Plata. In addition to the liner service to the east coast of South America, this ship was also used for pleasure trips. Compared to the regular service, the shipping company achieved a higher seasonal capacity utilization. From 1936 to 1939 the Monte Rosa sailed under the captain Max Castan, who came from a Huguenot family. When it met the airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin in 1936, during an Africa-Brazil cruise in 1936, a spectacular maneuver occurred in which the zeppelin took a bottle of champagne from the ship during the flight. With the beginning of the Second World War, she was under the command of Heinrich Bertram from January 1940 as a barge for the Navy and Air Force (pilot's battalion) in Stettin . In 1942 she carried out troop transports to Denmark and Norway. On November 19, 1942, the Monte Rosa took 21 Jewish prisoners and on November 26, 1942 another 223 prisoners (including 26 Jews) from the Grini police prisoner camp , who were deported to concentration and extermination camps via Aarhus . From October 1943 to spring 1944 the Monte Rosa was available as a workshop ship for repairs to the battleship Tirpitz in Norway. After this mission she served again as a troop transport. During a voyage, the ship received a mine hit . From January 15, 1945 she was used as a hospital ship with the designation V T / LZ (II) . On February 16, 1945, the ship ran into a mine again and was towed from the height of the Hela peninsula to Gotenhafen , where the damage was temporarily repaired. However, due to the damage, the machinery could not be made operational again. She was towed from Gotenhafen to Copenhagen with more than 5,000 refugees and wounded on board . There, the Monte Rosa was confiscated by the British military at the end of the war and then converted and used as a troop transport under the name Empire Windrush . During a crossing from Japan to Great Britain, the ship caught fire on March 28, 1954 after an explosion in the engine room. Four crew members were killed. On March 29, 1954, the Empire Windrush sank off the coast of Algeria . Everyone who was still on board was rescued.
The Monte Rosa is specified with a length of 159.70 meters, a width of 20.00 meters, with 13,882 GRT, 7,762 NRT and 7,762 tdw. The ship was intended for 1,364 passengers in the newly created tourist class and 1,036 between deck passengers. The crew included 336 people.
literature
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping 1850 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag, 1986. ISBN 3-8225-0037-2 .
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships 1919 to 1985 . transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-344-00164-7 .
- Arnold Kludas , Karl-Theo Beer: The glamorous era of luxury ships - travel culture on the oceans . Koehler Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 978-3-7822-0922-9 .
- Rudolf Schmidt, Arnold Kludas : The German hospital ships in the Second World War . 1st edition, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-87943-560-X .
- Heinrich Börnsen: Two-stroke, four-stroke and turbines - experiences of a ship and warranty engineer . Junge Generation Verlag, Berlin-Lichterfelde.
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Horst Adler: Schweidnitz in the years 1934–1939 Materials for a town history A Schweidnitzer reports enthusiastically about his eight-day KdF sea voyage on the steamer “Monte Olivia”. 1,000 Silesians were on board. (May 22, 1934) (PDF; 387 kB), accessed on February 28, 2013
- ↑ a b Uwe Jenisch: May 1945. End of the war on the Kiel Fjord . Marineforum 5-2015, pp. 42-45.
- ^ Oskar Mendelsohn: Norway . In: Dimension of Genocide . Ed .: Wolfgang Benz, Oldenbourg 1991, ISBN 3-486-54631-7 , p. 193.