Moscheh Ya'akov Ben-Gavriêl

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Moscheh Ya'akov Ben-Gavriêl (1950)

Moscheh Ya'akov Ben-Gavriêl (born September 15, 1891 as Eugen Höflich in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; died September 17, 1965 in Jerusalem ) was an Austrian and Israeli writer and publicist. He was an activist of the Hagana and a representative of pan-Semitism

Live and act

Eugen Höflich came from a Viennese Jewish family; the father was a medical advisor . Politely broke off the visit to the Piarist High School and graduated from the New Vienna Commercial Academy . He began a study of Arabic , which he, however, because of its socialist multiple convictions relegated was and that he therefore finally broke. He worked temporarily as an employee at an insurance company and tried his hand at writing as a freelance writer .

From 1914 onwards, politely took part in the First World War as a soldier ; In 1915, after being seriously wounded in Poland, he was declared unfit for field service, but at the same time he was promoted to officer. In 1917 he went to Jerusalem as the commander of an Austrian company, but was expelled from the country shortly afterwards at the instigation of the German envoy in Palestine for pan-Semitic propaganda. He was called back to Vienna; there he commanded a "Jewish Legion" during the revolution of 1918.

After the end of the First World War, he kept his head above water by writing serial novels. In addition, he tried twice, unsuccessfully, to publish a Jewish monthly. In 1927 the long-standing entry ban imposed on him by the British Mandate Administration was lifted, and Höflich was allowed to return to Palestine. He now took the name Moscheh Yaakov Ben-Gavriel. But he continued to write exclusively in German.

In the 1930s, Ben-Gavriel joined the Hagana underground Jewish movement , which fought for an independent Jewish state in Palestine. During World War II , Ben-Gavriel joined the British Army as a volunteer; he was stationed in Palestine and Egypt and was wounded again. From 1948 he lived in Jerusalem as a freelance writer and journalist .

Since his first stay in Palestine, Ben-Gavriel has represented the philosophy of pan-Semitism, which propagates fraternization of all Semitic peoples as a preliminary stage to Pan-Asianism . This “great fraternal alliance of All Asia ” should ultimately lead to the overcoming of all nationalism on the Asian continent. Ben-Gavriel therefore understood the Jewish-Arab conflict only as a kind of dispute between close relatives; In contrast, Jewish-Arab friendship is a recurring theme in his novels. In addition, with Das Haus in Karpfengasse , the author wrote an important account of the downfall of Prague's Jewish community during World War II. As a journalist, he often wrote articles for German newspapers. As a radio writer, Ben-Gavriel was an important mediator of Israeli reality and problems for the German-speaking area. As a frequent helper and also a Brit Schalom advocate , Felix Weltsch , philosopher and librarian and closest friend between Franz Kafka and Max Brod, often advised him on his novel research . On Ben Gavriel's advice, the literary estate of his long-time friend, Albert Ehrenstein , was handed over to the Israeli National Library in 1957, and he worked hard to evaluate it scientifically.

estate

Ben Gavriel's extensive estate is in the Archives Department of the National Library of Israel.

factories

Eugen Hoeflich The Road to the Country (1918)
Eugen Hoeflich The red moon

As an author

Autobiographical
  • The escape to Tarshish. An autobiographical report . Verlag Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 1963.
  • Armin A. Wallas (Ed.): Eugen Hoeflich. Diaries 1915 to 1927 . Vienna: Böhlau, 1999 ISBN 3-205-99137-0
stories
  • Kumsits. Stories from the desert . Ullstein, Berlin 1956.
  • The seven incursions of the Thamar Dor . Verlag Volk & Welt, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-353-00496-3 . (Reprint of the Hamburg 1962 edition)
  • A path begins with the first step. A double novella . Peter-Verlag, Rothenburg / Tauber 1963.
  • A lion has swallowed the moon . Peter-Verlag, Rothenburg / Tauber 1965.
Feuilleton
  • Treatises on ordinary things . Peter-Verlag, Rothenburg / Tauber 1962.
Poetry
  • The poems . Peter-Verlag, Rothenburg / Tauber 1964.
Travel books
  • The way into the country. Palestinian records . Lowit-Verlag, Vienna 1918.
  • Fire in the east . Arco-Verlag, Wuppertal 2003, ISBN 3-9808410-2-2 (reprint of the Leipzig 1920 edition).
  • The red moon . Leipzig et al. 1920, new edition.
  • The gate of the east . Publisher. B. Harz, Berlin 1923.
  • Small book of Palestine for sensitive travelers . Nekudah Publishing House, Mukacevo, CSR 1938.
Novels
  • Peace and war of the citizen Mahaschavi. Old and new adventures (= Fischer-Bücherei. Volume 1113). Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1970. (Reprint of the Schwäbisch Gmünd edition 1952)
  • The offensive life of the great Osman (= Ullstein book. Volume 451). Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1963. (Reprint of the Berlin 1955 edition)
  • The house on Karpfengasse . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-548-20071-0 . (Reprint of the Berlin 1958 edition)
  • The man in the city gate . Verlag Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 1960.
  • Camels also drink from murky wells . Rowohlt, Hamburg 1965.
  • Jerusalem is sold, or gold is sold in the street. Novel. Arco Verlag, Wuppertal 2016, ISBN 978-3-938375-69-3 .
Non-fiction
  • Israel. The rebirth of a state (= Janus books. Volume 4). Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1957.
  • The Dead Sea Scrolls . 2 volumes. Antiquities of the Holy Land, Jerusalem 1958.

As editor

Film adaptations

literature

  • Pötzl, Viktoria: “From Pan-Asianism to Safari-Zionism. Gendered Orientalism in Jewish-Austrian Literature. " In: Journal of Modern Jewish Studies. vol 19, issue 2. Spring 2020. Taylor & Francis (Routledge). pp. 205-223. [1]
  • Elazar Benyoetz:  Polite, Eugen (later: Ben-Gavriêl, Mosheh Ya'aqov). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 314-316 ( digitized version ).
  • Josef Schmidt: The entertainment writer Mosche Ya-akov Ben-gavriêl. Bio-bibliography and literary critical determination (= studies on German, English and comparative literature. Volume 89). Bouvier, Bonn 1979, ISBN 3-416-01517-7 .
  • Ben-Gavriel, Mosheh Ya'akov . In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 2: Bend Bins. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-598-22682-9 , pp. 50-65.
  • Hanan Harif: Asian brothers, European strangers: Eugen Hoeflich and “Pan-Asian Zionism” in Vienna. In: Journal of History. (7-8), 2012, pp. 646-660.
  • Yakob Mosche Ben-Gavriêl , In: International Biographical Archive. 45/1965, November 1, 1965, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)
  • Hoeflich, Eugen , in: Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Volume 3. Chernivtsi, 1928, p. 144
  • Ben-Gavriel, Mosheh Ya'akov , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1972, Volume 3, Col. 502

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ When Jerusalem was Turkish. In: FAZ . July 18, 2016, p. 10.
personal data
SURNAME Ben-Gavriêl, Moscheh Ya'akov
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Polite, Eugen (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian and Israeli writer and publicist
BIRTH DATE September 15, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1965
PLACE OF DEATH Jerusalem